1. Filistenii au luptat împotriva lui Israél, iar bărbaţii lui Israél au luat-o la fugă dinaintea filisténilor şi au căzut ucişi pe muntele Ghilbóa.
2. Filistenii i-au urmărit pe Saul şi pe fiii lui şi i-au lovit pe Ionatán, Abínadab şi Malchí-Şúa, fiii lui Saul.
3. Saul a fost luat la ţintă de către arcaşi şi [Saul] a fost rănit grav de către arcaşi.
4. Saul i-a zis atunci celui care-i purta armele: „Scoate-ţi sabia şi străpunge-mă, ca să nu vină aceşti netăiaţi împrejur să mă străpungă şi să-şi bată joc de mine!”. Dar cel care-i purta armele nu a vrut, pentru că îi era teamă. Saul şi-a luat sabia şi s-a aruncat în ea.
5. Cel care-i purta armele lui Saul a văzut că a murit, s-a aruncat şi el în sabia lui şi a murit împreună cu el.
6. În acea zi au murit împreună Saul şi cei trei fii ai săi, cel care-i purta armele şi toţi oamenii lui.
7. Cei din Israél care erau dincolo de vale şi dincolo de Iordán au văzut că oamenii lui Israél fugeau şi că Saul şi fiii lui muriseră, şi-au părăsit cetăţile şi au luat-o şi ei la fugă. Iar filisténii au venit şi s-au aşezat în ele.
8. A doua zi, filisténii au venit să-i dezbrace pe cei morţi şi i-au găsit pe Saul şi pe cei trei fii ai lui căzuţi pe muntele Ghilbóa.
9. Au tăiat capul lui [Saul] şi i-au luat armele. Au trimis în toată ţara filisténilor să se dea de veste în casele idolilor lor şi în popor.
10. Au pus armele lui Saul în templul Astártelor şi i-au atârnat trupul pe zidurile din Bet-Şeán.
11. Locuitorii din Iábeş-Galaád au auzit ceea ce îi făcuseră filisténii lui Saul,
12. s-au ridicat toţi bărbaţii viteji, au mers toată noaptea şi au luat trupul lui Saul şi trupurile fiilor săi de pe zidurile din Bet-Şeán. Au venit la Iábeş şi le-au ars acolo.
13. Au luat oasele lor, le-au îngropat sub tamariscul din Iábeş şi au postit timp de şapte zile.
Footnotes:
31:1-2 - The Philistines defeat the Israelites in battle and kill Saul's sons, including Jonathan. The death of Jonathan, David's faithful friend, marks a tragic moment, showing the consequences of Saul's disobedience (see also 1 Samuel 13:13-14 and 2 Samuel 1:25-26).
31:3-4 - Saul, gravely wounded, asks to be killed, but his armor-bearer refuses. Saul then takes his own life. His tragic death reflects the end of a reign marked by disobedience and spiritual decline (see also 1 Samuel 28:19 and 1 Chronicles 10:13-14).
31:5-6 - Saul's armor-bearer, seeing the king's death, also commits suicide. This act highlights the desperation on the battlefield and the armor-bearer's desperate loyalty to his master (see also Judges 9:54 and 1 Kings 16:18).
31:7 - When the Israelites see that Saul is dead, they flee, and the Philistines take possession of the Israelite cities. Israel's defeat marks a national crisis and an imminent transition of power (see also 1 Samuel 4:10-11 and 2 Samuel 2:4).
31:8-13 - The Philistines expose the bodies of Saul and his sons, but the men of Jabesh-gilead recover and bury the bodies. The devotion of the men of Jabesh to Saul for his deliverance demonstrates a memory of gratitude and honor even after his death (see also 1 Samuel 11:1-11 and 2 Samuel 2:4-7).
Verses related to Cartea întâi a lui Samuél, 31:
1 Samuel chapter 31 recounts the tragic end of Saul and his sons. How does an era in the history of Israel end? This dark text describes Israel's defeat by the Philistines, Saul's suicide, and the deaths of his sons, including Jonathan. The chapter explores themes of the fall of a leader, the consequences of disobedience, and the end of a dynasty. The desecration of the bodies and their subsequent recovery add depth to the narrative. Examine with us five biblical passages that elucidate the principles of judgment and honor present in this final chapter of 1 Samuel.
2 Samuel 1:19-27: "Your glory, O Israel, lies dead upon your mountains! How the mighty have fallen! [...] Saul and Jonathan, loved and pleasant in life, were not separated in death! They were more agile than eagles, stronger than lions." - David's lament over the deaths of Saul and Jonathan, reflecting on the events of 1 Samuel 31.
1 Chronicles 10:13-14: "Thus Saul died because of his unfaithfulness to the Lord; he did not keep the word of the Lord and even consulted a medium for guidance, not the Lord. So the Lord killed him and handed the kingdom over to David son of Jesse." - Offers a theological interpretation of Saul's death.
Ecclesiastes 9:11: "I also observed that, under the sun, the fast do not always win the race; the strong do not always triumph in war; the wise do not always have food; the prudent are not always rich; the educated do not always have prestige; because time and chance affect everyone." - Reflects on the fall of Saul, a powerful king, in battle.
Proverbs 16:18: "Pride comes before destruction; the haughty spirit, before the fall." - It can be applied to the fall of Saul, which began with his pride and disobedience to God.
Psalms 146:3-4: "Do not trust in princes, in mere mortals, incapable of saving. When their spirit is gone, they return to dust; That same day his plans come to an end." - Reflects on the mortality of human leaders, as demonstrated by the death of Saul.
FAQ:
How did Saul die?
Saul, wounded by the Philistines, fell on his own sword to avoid being captured and humiliated by them. (1 Samuel 31:3-4)
Who else died along with Saul?
Saul’s sons, including Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malkishua, were killed in battle against the Philistines. (1 Samuel 31:2)
What did the Philistines do with Saul's body?
They cut off his head, exposed his body in the temple of Dagon, and hung him on the walls of Beth Shan. (1 Samuel 31:8-10)
How did the men of Jabesh-gilead honor Saul?
They recovered the bodies of Saul and his sons, burned them, and buried the bones under a tree. (1 Samuel 31:11-13)
What is the significance of Saul's death in the history of Israel?
It marks the end of his reign and the transition to the reign of David, chosen by God. (1 Samuel 31:6, 2 Samuel 2:4)