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Liber Iosue, 12

1. hii sunt reges quos percusserunt filii Israël et possederunt terram eorum trans Jordanem ad solis ortum a torrente Arnon usque ad montem Hermon et omnem orientalem plagam quæ respicit solitudinem

1. These are the kings, whom the children of Israel slew and possessed their land beyond the Jordan towards the rising of the sun, from the torrent Arnon unto mount Hermon, and all the east country that looketh towards the wilderness.

2. Seon rex Amorreorum qui habitavit in Esebon dominatus est ab Arœr quæ sita est super ripam torrentis Arnon et mediæ partis in valle dimidiique Galaad usque ad torrentem Jaboc qui est terminus filiorum Ammon

2. Sehon king of the Amorrhites, who dwelt in Hesebon, and had dominion from Aroer, which is seated upon the bank of the torrent Arnon, and of the middle part in the valley, and of half Galaad, as far as the torrent Jaboc, which is the border of the children of Ammon.

3. et a solitudine usque ad mare Cheneroth contra orientem et usque ad mare Deserti quod est mare Salsissimum ad orientalem plagam per viam quæ ducit Bethesimoth et ab australi parte quæ subiacent Asedothphasga

3. And from the wilderness, to the sea of Ceneroth towards the east, and to the sea of the wilderness, which is the most salt sea, on the east side by the way that leadeth to Bethsimoth: and on the south side that lieth under Asedoth, Phasga.

4. terminus Og regis Basan de reliquiis Rafaim qui habitavit in Astharoth et in Edrain et dominatus est in monte Hermon et in Salacha atque in universa Basan usque ad terminos

4. The border of Og the king of Basan, of the remnant of the Raphaims who dwelt in Astaroth, and in Edrai, and had dominion in mount Hermon, and in Salecha, and in all Basan, unto the herders

5. Gesuri et Machathi et dimidiæ partis Galaad terminos Seon regis Esebon

5. Of Gessuri and Machati, and of half Galaad: the borders of Sehon the king of Hesebon.

6. Moses famulus Domini et filii Israël percusserunt eos tradiditque terram eorum Moses in possessionem Rubenitis et Gadditis et dimidiæ tribui Manasse

6. Moses the servant of the Lord, and the children of Israel slew them, and Moses delivered their land in possession to the Rubenites, and Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasses.

7. hii sunt reges terræ quos percussit Josue et filii Israël trans Jordanem ad occidentalem plagam a Baalgad in campo Libani usque ad montem cujus pars ascendit in Seir tradiditque eam Josue in possessionem tribubus Israël singulis partes suas

7. These are the kings of the land, whom Josue and the children of Israel slew beyond the Jordan on the west side from Baalgad in the held of Libanus, unto the mount, part of which goeth up into Seir: and Josue delivered it in possession to the tribes of Israel, to every one their divisions,

8. tam in montanis quam in planis atque campestribus in Aseroth et solitudine ac meridie Hettheus fuit et Amorreus Chananeus et Ferezeus Eveus et Jebuseus

8. As well in the mountains as in the plains and the champaign countries. In Asedoth, and in the wilderness, and in the south was the Hethite and the Amorrhite, the Chanaanite and the Pherezite, the Hevite and the Jebusite.

9. rex Hiericho unus rex Ahi quæ est ex latere Bethel unus

9. The king of Jericho one: the king of Hai, which is on the side of Bethel, one:

10. rex Hierusalem unus rex Hebron unus

10. The king of Jerusalem one, the king of Hebron one.

11. rex Hierimoth unus rex Lachis unus

11. The king of Jerimoth one, the king of Lachis one,

12. rex Eglon unus rex Gazer unus

12. The king of Eglon one, the king of Gazer one,

13. rex Dabir unus rex Gader unus

13. The king of Dabir one, the king of Gader one,

14. rex Herma unus rex Hered unus

14. The king of Herma one, the king of Hered one,

15. rex Lebna unus rex Odollam unus

15. The king of Lebna one, the king of Odullam one,

16. rex Maceda unus rex Bethel unus

16. The king of Maceda one, the king of Bethel one,

17. rex Thaffua unus rex Afer unus

17. The king of Taphua one, the king of Opher one,

18. rex Afec unus rex Saron unus

18. The king of Aphec one, the king of Saron one,

19. rex Madon unus rex Asor unus

19. The king of Madon one, the king of Asor one,

20. rex Someron unus rex Acsaph unus

20. The king of Semeron one, the king of Achsaph one,

21. rex Thenach unus rex Mageddo unus

21. The king of Thenac one, the king of Megeddo one,

22. rex Cades unus rex Jachanæm Chermeli unus

22. The king of Cades one, the king of Jachanan of Carmel one,

23. rex Dor et provinciæ Dor unus rex gentium Galgal unus

23. The king of Dor, and of the province of Dor one, the king of the nations of Galgal one,

24. rex Thersa unus omnes reges triginta et unus

24. The king of Thersa one: all the kings thirty and one.



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Footnotes:

12:1-6 - The list of kings defeated by Moses and Joshua serves as a testament to God's power in delivering the promised land to His people. This remembrance is a call to gratitude and recognition of God's faithfulness (see also Psalm 77:11-12 and 1 Thessalonians 5:18).

12:7-24 - The enumeration of the defeated kings illustrates the totality of the conquest of Canaan. This passage emphasizes the importance of remembering past victories as an incentive to face present challenges (see also Deuteronomy 7:18-19 and Philippians 3:13-14).

12:1-24 - The division of the land among the tribes of Israel is a fulfillment of God's promises. This division symbolizes the inheritance God reserves for His people, reinforcing the idea that every believer has a place and purpose in God's plan (see also Colossians 1:12 and Ephesians 1:11).

12:24 - The final account of the defeated kings emphasizes God's complete victory over Israel's enemies. This serves as a powerful reminder that God is faithful to all His promises and that spiritual battles must be faced with courage and faith (see also 1 Corinthians 15:57 and Romans 8:37).

12:24 - The victory over the Canaanite kings reinforces the idea that obedience and trust in God lead to lasting victories. This message encourages Christians to persevere in faith, knowing that victory is guaranteed in Christ (see also 1 John 5:4 and Revelation 21:7).

Verses related to Liber Iosue, 12:

Joshua chapter 12 presents a summary of Israel's achievements. What lessons can we learn from this recap? This text catalogs the kings defeated by Moses east of the Jordan and by Joshua in Canaan. The chapter emphasizes God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises and the role of human leadership in the divine plan. Joshua 12 also serves as a historical testimony to Israel's victories. Reflect with us on five biblical passages that relate to the commemorative themes of this recapitulative chapter.

1 Corinthians 15:57: "But thanks be to God, who gives us victory through our Lord Jesus Christ." - This verse echoes the theme of victory present in Joshua 12, but applies it to spiritual victory in Christ.

Psalms 44:3: "For it was not by his sword that they conquered the land, nor was it his arm that gave them victory; it was your right hand, your arm and the light of your face, because you loved them." - This psalm reflects on the achievements listed in Joshua 12, attributing them to divine favor, not human power.

Deuteronomy 3:21-22: "At that time I commanded Joshua: 'You have seen with your own eyes everything that the Lord your God did to these two kings. The Lord will do the same to all the kingdoms to which you are crossing the river.'" - This passage provides context for the achievements listed in Joshua 12, showing that they were foreseen and promised by God.

Nehemiah 9:24: "His sons entered and took possession of the land. You subjected the Canaanites, who inhabited the land, to them, giving them into their hands, both their kings and the people of the land, so that they could do with them as they pleased." - Nehemiah recalls the achievements listed in Joshua 12, seeing them as fulfillment of God's promises.

2 Corinthians 2:14: "But thanks be to God, who always leads us victoriously in Christ and through us exudes the fragrance of his knowledge everywhere." - Paul uses the language of triumph, echoing the victories listed in Joshua 12 but applying it to the spread of the gospel.

FAQ:

How many kings were defeated by Moses and Joshua, according to the book of Joshua?

The book of Joshua lists 31 kings defeated by Moses and Joshua, divided between the kingdoms east of the Jordan and those in the land of Canaan. (Joshua 12:7-24)

How did victory over the kings contribute to the distribution of land among the tribes of Israel?

The victories over the kings allowed the land to be divided among the tribes of Israel, according to God’s instructions and the covenant made with them. (Joshua 12:1-6)

What was the role of Moses and Joshua in the conquest of the lands beyond the Jordan?

Moses conquered land east of the Jordan, while Joshua conquered land west of it, fulfilling God's promise to deliver the promised land to Israel. (Joshua 12:1)

What were the main cities conquered by Joshua during his campaigns?

Joshua conquered several important cities, including Jericho and Ai, which were strategic for controlling the promised land. (Joshua 12:9-24)

How did the conquest of kings and cities impact the political organization of Israel?

The conquest and division of the land organized Israel into tribes and territories, establishing a political and administrative structure that would last for generations. (Joshua 12:7-24)


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