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Leviticus, 21

1. And the LORD said unto Moses, Speak unto the priests the sons of Aaron, and say unto them, There shall none be defiled for the dead among his people:

1. Yahweh said to Moses, "Speak to the priests, sons of Aaron and tell them that not one of them shall make himself unclean for a dead person among his people

2. But for his kin, that is near unto him, [that is], for his mother, and for his father, and for his son, and for his daughter, and for his brother,

2. except for those relatives nearest to him, that is for his mother, father, son, daughter or brother,

3. And for his sister a virgin, that is nigh unto him, which hath had no husband; for her may he be defiled.

3. or for an unmarried sister who is dependent on him because she has had no husband. For her, he may make himself unclean.

4. [But] he shall not defile himself, [being] a chief man among his people, to profane himself.

4. As a husband he must not make himself unclean for his family-in-law and so profane himself.

5. They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their flesh.

5. They shall not make tonsures on their heads nor shave off the edges of their beards, nor make any cuts in their flesh.

6. They shall be holy unto their God, and not profane the name of their God: for the offerings of the LORD made by fire, [and] the bread of their God, they do offer: therefore they shall be holy.

6. They shall be holy to their God and not profane the name of their God, for it is they who present offerings by fire, the bread of their God, so they shall be holy.

7. They shall not take a wife [that is] a whore, or profane; neither shall they take a woman put away from her husband: for he [is] holy unto his God.

7. They must not marry women unclean by prostitution or a woman divorced by her husband, for the priest is holy to his God.

8. Thou shalt sanctify him therefore; for he offereth the bread of thy God: he shall be holy unto thee: for I the LORD, which sanctify you, [am] holy.

8. You shall regard the priest as holy for he offers up the food of your God. Holy he shall be for you because I, Yahweh, am holy who makes you holy.

9. And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing the whore, she profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire.

9. If a priest's daughter defiles herself by becoming a prostitute, she profanes her father and shall be burned in the fire.

10. And [he that is] the high priest among his brethren, upon whose head the anointing oil was poured, and that is consecrated to put on the garments, shall not uncover his head, nor rend his clothes;

10. The high priest, the one among his brothers on whose head the anointing oil has been poured, and who has been consecrated to wear the garments, shall not uncover his head or tear his clothes.

11. Neither shall he go in to any dead body, nor defile himself for his father, or for his mother;

11. He shall not go near any dead person or defile himself either for his father or his mother.

12. Neither shall he go out of the sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the crown of the anointing oil of his God [is] upon him: I [am] the LORD.

12. He shall not leave the sanctuary nor profane the sanctuary of his God for he has on him the consecration of the anointing oil of his God. I am Yahweh.

13. And he shall take a wife in her virginity.

13. The woman he marries must be a virgin.

14. A widow, or a divorced woman, or profane, [or] an harlot, these shall he not take: but he shall take a virgin of his own people to wife.

14. He shall not take as wife a widow or a divorced woman or a woman defiled by prostitution, but only a virgin of his own people,

15. Neither shall he profane his seed among his people: for I the LORD do sanctify him.

15. that he may not defile his children among his people. I am Yahweh who makes him holy."

16. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

16. Yahweh said to Moses,

17. Speak unto Aaron, saying, Whosoever [he be] of thy seed in their generations that hath [any] blemish, let him not approach to offer the bread of his God.

17. "Say to Aaron: No man among your descendants in future generations who has a defect shall approach to offer the bread of his God.

18. For whatsoever man [he be] that hath a blemish, he shall not approach: a blind man, or a lame, or he that hath a flat nose, or any thing superfluous,

18. No man who has a defect may come near, no man who is blind or lame, disfigured or deformed

19. Or a man that is brokenfooted, or brokenhanded,

19. or who has a broken foot or hand,

20. Or crookbackt, or a dwarf, or that hath a blemish in his eye, or be scurvy, or scabbed, or hath his stones broken;

20. or is a hunchback or dwarf, or who has an eye defect or eczema or scabs or damaged testicles.

21. No man that hath a blemish of the seed of Aaron the priest shall come nigh to offer the offerings of the LORD made by fire: he hath a blemish; he shall not come nigh to offer the bread of his God.

21. The descendant of Aaron the priest who has a defect shall not approach to offer the burnt offering to Yahweh. He must not approach to offer the bread of his God because of the defect he has.

22. He shall eat the bread of his God, [both] of the most holy, and of the holy.

22. He may eat the bread of his God, both the most holy and the holy,

23. Only he shall not go in unto the vail, nor come nigh unto the altar, because he hath a blemish; that he profane not my sanctuaries: for I the LORD do sanctify them.

23. but he may not go as far as the veil or advance towards the altar because he has a defect. Let him not defile my sanctuary, for it is I, Yahweh, who make them holy."

24. And Moses told [it] unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel.

24. Thus spoke Moses to Aaron and to his sons and to all Israel.



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Lábjegyzetek:

21:1-4 - God establishes purity standards for priests, forbidding them to defile themselves with the dead, except through close relatives. This emphasizes the holiness that should mark the lives of priests, reflecting their role as intercessors between God and the people (see also Numbers 6:6-7 and Ezekiel 44:25).

21:5-6 - The priests are instructed to avoid pagan practices such as shaving their heads or cutting their bodies, common mourning practices. This emphasizes the separation between the children of Israel and the pagan nations, and the need for holiness for those who serve God (see also Deuteronomy 14:1-2).

21:7-9 - God forbids priests from marrying dishonorable women, such as prostitutes or divorcees, to preserve the sanctity of the priestly office and maintain the purity of God's service (see also 1 Timothy 3:2 and Titus 1:6).

21:10-12 - The high priest has even more restrictions, such as being forbidden from tearing his garments or leaving the sanctuary, even in the event of the death of close family members. This highlights the high spiritual responsibility and holiness that must be maintained (see also Hebrews 7:26 and Matthew 26:65).

21:16-23 - Priests with physical defects are forbidden from offering sacrifices, symbolizing that holiness and perfection were necessary to serve directly before God. This prefigures the perfect high priest, Jesus Christ (see also Hebrews 4:14-15 and Malachi 1:8).

Kapcsolódó versek Leviticus, 21:

Leviticus chapter 21 outlines special rules for priests. What high standards does God require of His ministers? This specific text addresses personal purity, marital restrictions, and physical qualifications for priestly service. The chapter emphasizes the holiness necessary for those who approach God on behalf of the people. These laws reflect the honor of the priestly office and point to the perfect priesthood of Christ. Investigate with us five biblical passages that reveal the relevance of these principles for spiritual leaders today.

Ezekiel 44:22: "They shall not marry widows or divorced women, but only virgin girls of the descendants of the nation of Israel, or widows of priests." - This verse reflects the marriage laws for priests established in Leviticus 21, showing their continuity in Ezekiel's vision for the future temple.

1 Peter 2:9: "But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, God's own people, to proclaim the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light." - Peter applies the language of priestly holiness from Leviticus 21 to all believers, expanding the concept of priesthood.

Malachi 2:7: "For the lips of the priest must keep knowledge, and from his mouth everyone expects instruction, because he is the messenger of the Lord of hosts." - This verse echoes the responsibility of priests to maintain holiness and teach the law, as set forth in Leviticus 21.

Hebrews 7:26: "It is a high priest like this that we need: holy, blameless, pure, separated from sinners, exalted above the heavens." - The author of Hebrews uses the language of priestly holiness from Leviticus 21 to describe Jesus as the perfect high priest.

Titus 1:7-9: "The bishop must be blameless, as God's administrator; not arrogant, not quarrelsome, not fond of wine, not violent, not greedy for dishonest gain. On the contrary, he must be hospitable, a friend of good, sensible, just, consecrated, have self-control and hold firmly to the faithful message, in accordance with the teaching, so that he will be able to encourage others through sound doctrine and refute those who oppose it." - Paul applies principles similar to those in Leviticus 21 to church leaders, adapting the concept of priestly holiness to the Christian context.

FAQ:

What are the purity requirements for priests in Leviticus 21?

Priests must avoid contact with dead bodies and maintain moral purity, for they are responsible for presenting the sacred offerings to the Lord. (Leviticus 21:1-9)

Why were priests with physical defects not allowed to offer sacrifices in Leviticus 21?

Priests with physical defects were forbidden to offer sacrifices to preserve the holiness and perfection required for service before God. (Leviticus 21:16-23)

How does Leviticus 21 address the marriage of priests?

Priests could not marry prostitutes or divorced women, maintaining moral and spiritual purity in their families. (Leviticus 21:7, 13-15)

How important was the holiness of the priests in Leviticus 21?

The holiness of the priests was vital, for they represented the people before God and offered sacrifices of atonement. (Leviticus 21:6-8)

What does Leviticus 21 teach about the role of priests?

Leviticus 21 teaches that priests were to maintain exemplary purity, both physical and spiritual, in order to serve before God. (Leviticus 21:1-24)


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