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Leviticus, 22

1. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

1. Yahweh spoke to Moses; he said:

2. Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, that they separate themselves from the holy things of the children of Israel, and that they profane not my holy name [in those things] which they hallow unto me: I [am] the LORD.

2. "Tell Aaron and his sons when they have to abstain from the holy offerings of the people of Israel, lest they profane my holy name; for I am the one who makes them holy. I am Yahweh.

3. Say unto them, Whosoever [he be] of all your seed among your generations, that goeth unto the holy things, which the children of Israel hallow unto the LORD, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from my presence: I [am] the LORD.

3. Tell them this: Anyone of your descendants, in any generation, who in a state of uncleanness approaches the holy offerings consecrated to Yahweh by the people of Israel, shall be outlawed from my presence. I am Yahweh.

4. What man soever of the seed of Aaron [is] a leper, or hath a running issue; he shall not eat of the holy things, until he be clean. And whoso toucheth any thing [that is] unclean [by] the dead, or a man whose seed goeth from him;

4. Anyone of Aaron's line who is afflicted with leprosy or a discharge must not eat holy things until he is clean. Anyone who touches something made unclean by a dead body, or has a seminal discharge,

5. Or whosoever toucheth any creeping thing, whereby he may be made unclean, or a man of whom he may take uncleanness, whatsoever uncleanness he hath;

5. or is made unclean by touching either some creeping thing or some man who has communicated to him his own uncleanness of whatever kind,

6. The soul which hath touched any such shall be unclean until even, and shall not eat of the holy things, unless he wash his flesh with water.

6. in short, anyone who has had any such contact shall be unclean until evening, and must not eat holy things until he has taken a bath.

7. And when the sun is down, he shall be clean, and shall afterward eat of the holy things; because it [is] his food.

7. At sunset he will be clean and may then eat holy things, for these are his food.

8. That which dieth of itself, or is torn [with beasts], he shall not eat to defile himself therewith: I [am] the LORD.

8. He must not eat an animal that has died a natural death or been killed by wild animals; he would become unclean by doing this. I am Yahweh.

9. They shall therefore keep mine ordinance, lest they bear sin for it, and die therefore, if they profane it: I the LORD do sanctify them.

9. Let them keep these rules and not burden themselves with sin lest they die because of having defiled this food. I am Yahweh who makes them holy.

10. There shall no stranger eat [of] the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat [of] the holy thing.

10. No lay person may eat any of the sacred offerings: neither the guest of a priest, nor his hired servant.

11. But if the priest buy [any] soul with his money, he shall eat of it, and he that is born in his house: they shall eat of his meat.

11. But if the priest has acquired a slave by purchase, the slave may eat them. Likewise anyone born in the house may eat a share of the food.

12. If the priest's daughter also be [married] unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.

12. If a priest's daughter marries someone who is not a priest, she must not eat the holy portion set aside;

13. But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall no stranger eat thereof.

13. but if she is widowed or divorced and, being childless, has had to return to her father's house as when she was young, she may eat her father's food. No lay person may eat it;

14. And if a man eat [of] the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth [part] thereof unto it, and shall give [it] unto the priest with the holy thing.

14. if someone does eat a holy thing unintentionally, he shall restore it to the priest with one fifth added.

15. And they shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, which they offer unto the LORD;

15. They must not profane the holy offerings which the people of Israel have set aside for Yahweh.

16. Or suffer them to bear the iniquity of trespass, when they eat their holy things: for I the LORD do sanctify them.

16. If they ate of them, they would have to pay a guilt offering. I am Yahweh, who have sanctified these offerings."

17. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

17. Yahweh spoke to Moses; he said:

18. Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them, Whatsoever [he be] of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that will offer his oblation for all his vows, and for all his freewill offerings, which they will offer unto the LORD for a burnt offering;

18. "Tell this to Aaron, to his sons, and to all the people of Israel:

19. [Ye shall offer] at your own will a male without blemish, of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats.

19. This rule refers to anyone of the Israelites or to any stranger living in Israel who brings anything for a burnt offering either in payment of a vow or as a voluntary gift. To be welcomed, he must offer a male ox, sheep or goat without any defect,

20. [But] whatsoever hath a blemish, [that] shall ye not offer: for it shall not be acceptable for you.

20. You must not offer one that has defects; for it would not make you acceptable.

21. And whosoever offereth a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the LORD to accomplish [his] vow, or a freewill offering in beeves or sheep, it shall be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no blemish therein.

21. If anyone offers to Yahweh a peace offering either to fulfill a vow or as a voluntary offering, the animal - from the herd or from the flock - will not please Yahweh unless it be without any defect.

22. Blind, or broken, or maimed, or having a wen, or scurvy, or scabbed, ye shall not offer these unto the LORD, nor make an offering by fire of them upon the altar unto the LORD.

22. You must not offer to Yahweh an animal that is blind, lame, mutilated, ulcerous, or suffering from skin disease or a sore. No part of such an animal shall be laid on the altar as a burnt offering for Yahweh.

23. Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing superfluous or lacking in his parts, that mayest thou offer [for] a freewill offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted.

23. As a voluntary offering, you may offer a bull or a lamb that is underdeveloped or deformed; but such will not be accepted in payment of a vow.

24. Ye shall not offer unto the LORD that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make [any offering thereof] in your land.

24. Don't offer to Yahweh an animal if its testicles have been bruised, crushed, removed or cut. This is not permitted in your land,

25. Neither from a stranger's hand shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these; because their corruption [is] in them, [and] blemishes [be] in them: they shall not be accepted for you.

25. and you are not to accept any such from the hands of a stranger, to offer as food for your God. Their deformity is a defect and they would not make you acceptable."

26. And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

26. Yahweh spoke to Moses; he said:

27. When a bullock, or a sheep, or a goat, is brought forth, then it shall be seven days under the dam; and from the eighth day and thenceforth it shall be accepted for an offering made by fire unto the LORD.

27. "A calf, lamb, or kid shall stay with its mother seven days after birth. From the eighth day it will be acceptable as a burnt offering to Yahweh.

28. And [whether it be] cow or ewe, ye shall not kill it and her young both in one day.

28. No animal, whether cow or ewe, shall be slaughtered on the same day as its young.

29. And when ye will offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving unto the LORD, offer [it] at your own will.

29. If you offer Yahweh a sacrifice of thanksgiving, do it so that Yahweh may be pleased.

30. On the same day it shall be eaten up; ye shall leave none of it until the morrow: I [am] the LORD.

30. You must eat it the same day, and nothing should be left till the morning. I am Yahweh.

31. Therefore shall ye keep my commandments, and do them: I [am] the LORD.

31. You must keep my commands and put them into practice. I am Yahweh.

32. Neither shall ye profane my holy name; but I will be hallowed among the children of Israel: I [am] the LORD which hallow you,

32. You must not profane my holy name, so that I may be proclaimed holy among the people of Israel, I, Yahweh who sanctify you.

33. That brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I [am] the LORD.

33. I who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God, I am Yahweh."



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Lábjegyzetek:

22:1-3 - God commands priests to remain clean so they do not desecrate the holy offerings. Holiness is an essential condition for serving God and presenting offerings, reinforcing the sacred character of worship (see also Isaiah 52:11 and 1 Peter 1:15-16).

22:4-7 - Those who are unclean, whether from disease or contact with the dead, are forbidden to touch the sacred offerings until they are purified. This highlights the importance of purity before participating in the sacred rites (see also Numbers 19:11-13 and Ephesians 5:26-27).

22:10-13 - God forbids anyone outside the priestly family from eating the sacred offerings, except in certain cases, such as a widow or divorcee who has returned to her father's house. This ensures that only those consecrated to God have access to the holy things (see also 1 Corinthians 9:13-14).

22:17-20 - God commands that only perfect, unblemished animals be offered as sacrifices. This requirement reflects God's perfection and the need to offer the best in worship, prefiguring Christ's perfect sacrifice (see also 1 Peter 1:19 and Malachi 1:8).

22:31-33 - God emphasizes that the Israelites must keep His commandments and not profane His holy name. Obedience to God's laws is a way of honoring His holiness and acknowledging His sovereignty over Israel (see also John 14:15 and Exodus 20:7).

Kapcsolódó versek Leviticus, 22:

Leviticus chapter 22 establishes rules for the consumption of sacred offerings. How to preserve the sanctity of offerings to God? This detailed text specifies who can eat the priestly offerings and under what conditions. The chapter emphasizes the respect due to things consecrated to God. These laws reflect the importance of purity in worship and care for what belongs to God. Reflect with us on five biblical passages that elucidate the principle of honoring God with the best we have in our worship today.

1 Corinthians 11:27-29: "Therefore, everyone who eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily will be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord. Let a man examine himself, and then let him eat the bread and drink the cup. For whoever eats and drinks without discerning the body of the Lord eats and drinks to his own condemnation." - Paul applies the Leviticus 22 principle about holiness in partaking of sacred offerings to the context of the Lord's Supper.

Malachi 1:7-8: "You offer unclean food on my altar! And they still ask: 'How have we profaned it?' When you say that the Lord's table is despicable. When they bring blind animals for sacrifice, isn't it wrong? When you offer crippled and sick animals, isn't it wrong? Try offering them to your governor! Will he like you? Will he receive them kindly? asks the Lord of hosts."" - Malachi criticizes practices that violate the principles of Leviticus 22 regarding the offering of animals without blemishes.

Hebrews 9:14: "How much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself immaculately to God, purify our conscience from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God!" - The author of Hebrews uses the language of Leviticus 22 about offerings without blemish to describe Christ's perfect sacrifice.

Matthew 15:11: "What enters the mouth does not make a man 'impure'; but what comes out of the mouth, that is what makes it 'unclean'." - Jesus reinterprets the purity laws of Leviticus, including those of Leviticus 22, focusing on inner rather than outer purity.

1 Peter 1:18-19: "For you know that it was not with perishable things like silver or gold that you were redeemed from your empty way of life handed down to you from your ancestors, but by the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish or blemish." - Peter uses the language of Leviticus 22 about animals without blemish to describe Christ as the perfect sacrifice.

FAQ:

What were the rules for the priests to eat the offerings in Leviticus 22?

Only priests and their families were allowed to eat the sacred offerings, and anyone unclean was forbidden to touch them. (Leviticus 22:10-16)

How does Leviticus 22 address the issue of impurity in sacrifices?

Imperfect sacrifices or those offered by unclean people were unacceptable before God, reflecting the requirement for perfection in worship. (Leviticus 22:17-25)

What are the requirements for sacrificial animals in Leviticus 22?

The animals sacrificed had to be perfect, without physical defects, representing the holiness and perfection required by God. (Leviticus 22:19-25)

Why were priests required to avoid impurity in Leviticus 22?

The priests were to avoid impurity to maintain the holiness necessary for their service, ensuring that the offerings would be accepted by God. (Leviticus 22:2-3)

What does Leviticus 22 teach about freewill offerings?

Freewill offerings had to be perfect, without blemish, to be acceptable to God, reflecting the importance of reverence in worship. (Leviticus 22:18-21)


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