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Leviticus, 22

1. Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

1. And the LORD said to Moses,

2. 'Speak to Aaron and his sons. They must be consecrated by the holy offerings of the Israelites and must not profane my holy name; for my sake they must sanctify it; I am Yahweh.

2. "Tell Aaron and his sons to keep away from the holy things of the people of Israel, which they dedicate to me, so that they may not profane my holy name; I am the LORD.

3. Say to them: "Any one of your descendants, for all time, who in a state of uncleanness approaches the holy offerings consecrated to Yahweh by the Israelites, will be outlawed from my presence. I am Yahweh.

3. Say to them, `If any one of all your descendants throughout your generations approaches the holy things, which the people of Israel dedicate to the LORD, while he has an uncleanness, that person shall be cut off from my presence: I am the LORD.

4. "Anyone of Aaron's line who is afflicted with a contagious skin-disease or a discharge will not eat holy things until he is clean. Anyone who touches anything made unclean by a dead body, or who has a seminal discharge,

4. None of the line of Aaron who is a leper or suffers a discharge may eat of the holy things until he is clean. Whoever touches anything that is unclean through contact with the dead or a man who has had an emission of semen,

5. or who is made unclean by touching any kind of reptile or any one who has contaminated him with his own uncleanness, be it what it may,

5. and whoever touches a creeping thing by which he may be made unclean or a man from whom he may take uncleanness, whatever his uncleanness may be --

6. in short, anyone who has had any such contact will be unclean until evening, and must not eat holy things until he has washed his body.

6. the person who touches any such shall be unclean until the evening and shall not eat of the holy things unless he has bathed his body in water.

7. At sunset he will be clean and may then eat holy things, for these are his food.

7. When the sun is down he shall be clean; and afterward he may eat of the holy things, because such are his food.

8. "He must not eat an animal that has died a natural death or been savaged; he would contract uncleanness from it. I am Yahweh.

8. That which dies of itself or is torn by beasts he shall not eat, defiling himself by it: I am the LORD.'

9. "They must keep my rules and not burden themselves with sin. If they profane them, they will incur death; I, Yahweh, have sanctified them.

9. They shall therefore keep my charge, lest they bear sin for it and die thereby when they profane it: I am the LORD who sanctify them.

10. "No lay person may eat anything holy; no guest or employee of a priest may eat anything holy.

10. "An outsider shall not eat of a holy thing. A sojourner of the priest's or a hired servant shall not eat of a holy thing;

11. But if the priest has acquired a slave by purchase, the slave may eat it like anyone born in his household; they will share his food.

11. but if a priest buys a slave as his property for money, the slave may eat of it; and those that are born in his house may eat of his food.

12. "If a priest's daughter marries a layman, she will have no share in the holy things set aside,

12. If a priest's daughter is married to an outsider she shall not eat of the offering of the holy things.

13. but if she is widowed or divorced and, being childless, has had to return to her father's house as when she was young, she may share her father's food. No lay person may share it;

13. But if a priest's daughter is a widow or divorced, and has no child, and returns to her father's house, as in her youth, she may eat of her father's food; yet no outsider shall eat of it.

14. anyone who does eat a holy thing by inadvertence, will restore it to the priest with one-fifth added.

14. And if a man eats of a holy thing unwittingly, he shall add the fifth of its value to it, and give the holy thing to the priest.

15. "They may not profane the holy offerings which the Israelites have set aside for Yahweh.

15. The priests shall not profane the holy things of the people of Israel, which they offer to the LORD,

16. By eating these, they would burden them with guilt requiring a sacrifice of reparation; for I, Yahweh, have sanctified these offerings." '

16. and so cause them to bear iniquity and guilt, by eating their holy things: for I am the LORD who sanctify them."

17. Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

17. And the LORD said to Moses,

18. 'Speak to Aaron, to his sons, and to all the Israelites and say: "Any member of the House of Israel or any alien resident in Israel who brings an offering either in payment of a vow or as a voluntary gift, and offers it as a burnt offering to Yahweh,

18. "Say to Aaron and his sons and all the people of Israel, When any one of the house of Israel or of the sojourners in Israel presents his offering, whether in payment of a vow or as a freewill offering which is offered to the LORD as a burnt offering,

19. must, if he is to be acceptable, offer an unblemished male, be it bull or sheep or goat.

19. to be accepted you shall offer a male without blemish, of the bulls or the sheep or the goats.

20. You will not offer anything with a blemish, for it would not make you acceptable.

20. You shall not offer anything that has a blemish, for it will not be acceptable for you.

21. "If anyone offers Yahweh a communion sacrifice, either to fulfil a vow or as a voluntary offering, the animal, be it from the herd or flock, must be perfect, if he is to be acceptable; it must be unblemished.

21. And when any one offers a sacrifice of peace offerings to the LORD, to fulfil a vow or as a freewill offering, from the herd or from the flock, to be accepted it must be perfect; there shall be no blemish in it.

22. You will not offer Yahweh any animal which is blind, lame, mutilated, ulcerous, scabby or covered in sores. No part of such an animal will be offered on the altar as food burnt for Yahweh.

22. Animals blind or disabled or mutilated or having a discharge or an itch or scabs, you shall not offer to the LORD or make of them an offering by fire upon the altar to the LORD.

23. As a voluntary offering, you may offer a bull or a lamb that is underdeveloped or deformed; but such will not be acceptable in payment of a vow.

23. A bull or a lamb which has a part too long or too short you may present for a freewill offering; but for a votive offering it cannot be accepted.

24. You will not offer Yahweh an animal if its testicles have been bruised, crushed, torn or cut off. You may not do that in your country,

24. Any animal which has its testicles bruised or crushed or torn or cut, you shall not offer to the LORD or sacrifice within your land;

25. and you may not accept any such from the hands of a stranger, to be offered as food for your God. Their deformity is a blemish, and they would not make you acceptable." '

25. neither shall you offer as the bread of your God any such animals gotten from a foreigner. Since there is a blemish in them, because of their mutilation, they will not be accepted for you."

26. Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

26. And the LORD said to Moses,

27. 'A calf, lamb, or kid will stay with its dam for seven days after being born. From the eighth day onwards, it will be acceptable as food burnt for Yahweh.

27. "When a bull or sheep or goat is born, it shall remain seven days with its mother; and from the eighth day on it shall be acceptable as an offering by fire to the LORD.

28. But no animal, whether cow or ewe, will be slaughtered on the same day as its young.

28. And whether the mother is a cow or a ewe, you shall not kill both her and her young in one day.

29. 'If you offer Yahweh a sacrifice with praise, do it in the acceptable manner;

29. And when you sacrifice a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the LORD, you shall sacrifice it so that you may be accepted.

30. it must be eaten the same day; you will leave nothing over till next morning. I am Yahweh.

30. It shall be eaten on the same day, you shall leave none of it until morning: I am the LORD.

31. 'You will keep my commands and put them into practice. I am Yahweh.

31. "So you shall keep my commandments and do them: I am the LORD.

32. You will not profane my holy name -- so that I may be honoured as holy among the Israelites, I, Yahweh, who make you holy,

32. And you shall not profane my holy name, but I will be hallowed among the people of Israel; I am the LORD who sanctify you,

33. I who brought you out of Egypt, to be your God, I, Yahweh.'

33. who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God: I am the LORD."



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Notes de bas de page:

22:1-3 - Dieu ordonne aux prêtres de rester purs afin de ne pas profaner les offrandes saintes. La sainteté est une condition essentielle pour servir Dieu et présenter des offrandes, renforçant ainsi le caractère sacré du culte (voir aussi Ésaïe 52:11 et 1 Pierre 1:15-16).

22:4-7 - Il est interdit à ceux qui sont impurs, que ce soit par suite d'une maladie ou d'un contact avec un mort, de toucher les offrandes sacrées avant leur purification. Cela souligne l'importance de la pureté avant de participer aux rites sacrés (voir aussi Nombres 19:11-13 et Éphésiens 5:26-27).

22:10-13 - Dieu interdit à toute personne extérieure à la famille sacerdotale de consommer les offrandes sacrées, sauf dans certains cas, comme une veuve ou une divorcée retournée chez son père. Cela garantit que seuls ceux qui sont consacrés à Dieu ont accès aux choses saintes (voir aussi 1 Corinthiens 9:13-14).

22:17-20 - Dieu ordonne que seuls des animaux parfaits et sans défaut soient offerts en sacrifice. Cette exigence reflète la perfection de Dieu et la nécessité d'offrir le meilleur dans l'adoration, préfigurant le sacrifice parfait du Christ (voir aussi 1 Pierre 1:19 et Malachie 1:8).

22:31-33 - Dieu souligne que les Israélites doivent observer ses commandements et ne pas profaner son saint nom. L'obéissance aux lois de Dieu est une manière d'honorer sa sainteté et de reconnaître sa souveraineté sur Israël (voir aussi Jean 14:15 et Exode 20:7).

Versets liés à Leviticus, 22:

Le chapitre 22 de Lévitique établit des règles pour la consommation des offrandes sacrées. Comment préserver le caractère sacré des offrandes à Dieu ? Ce texte détaillé précise qui peut manger les offrandes sacerdotales et dans quelles conditions. Le chapitre met l'accent sur le respect dû aux choses consacrées à Dieu. Ces lois reflètent l’importance de la pureté dans l’adoration et le soin de ce qui appartient à Dieu. Réfléchissez avec nous à cinq passages bibliques qui éclairent le principe d’honorer Dieu avec le meilleur de notre culte aujourd’hui.

1 Corinthiens 11:27-29: "Par conséquent, quiconque mange le pain ou boit la coupe du Seigneur indignement sera coupable de péché contre le corps et le sang du Seigneur. Que l'homme s'examine lui-même, puis qu'il mange le pain et boive la coupe. Car quiconque mange et boit sans discerner le corps du Seigneur, mange et boit à sa propre condamnation." - Paul applique le principe de Lévitique 22 sur la sainteté en participant aux offrandes sacrées au contexte de la Cène du Seigneur.

Malachie 1:7-8: "Vous offrez de la nourriture impure sur mon autel ! Et ils demandent encore : « Comment l'avons-nous profané ? Quand vous dites que la table du Seigneur est méprisable. Quand ils amènent des animaux aveugles pour les sacrifier, n'est-ce pas mal ? Quand vous proposez des animaux infirmes et malades, n'est-ce pas mal ? Essayez de les offrir à votre gouverneur ! Est-ce qu'il t'aimera ? Les recevra-t-il avec bonté ? demande le Seigneur des armées. »" - Malachie critique les pratiques qui violent les principes de Lévitique 22 concernant l'offrande d'animaux sans défauts.

Hébreux 9:14: "Combien plus encore le sang du Christ, qui par l’Esprit éternel s’est offert immaculé à Dieu, purifiera-t-il notre conscience des actes qui conduisent à la mort, afin que nous puissions servir le Dieu vivant !" - L'auteur de l'épître aux Hébreux utilise le langage de Lévitique 22 sur les offrandes sans défaut pour décrire le sacrifice parfait du Christ.

Matthieu 15:11: "Ce qui entre dans la bouche ne rend pas un homme « impur » ; mais ce qui sort de la bouche, c'est ce qui le rend « impur »." - Jésus réinterprète les lois de pureté du Lévitique, y compris celles de Lévitique 22, en se concentrant sur la pureté intérieure plutôt qu'extérieure.

1 Pierre 1:18-19: "Car vous savez que ce n'est pas par des choses périssables comme l'argent ou l'or que vous avez été rachetés de la vaine manière de vivre qui vous a été transmise par vos ancêtres, mais par le sang précieux du Christ, comme celui d'un agneau sans défaut ni défaut." - Pierre utilise le langage de Lévitique 22 sur les animaux sans défaut pour décrire Christ comme le sacrifice parfait.

FAQ:

Quelles étaient les règles selon lesquelles les prêtres devaient manger les offrandes dans Lévitique 22 ?

Seuls les prêtres et leurs familles étaient autorisés à manger les offrandes sacrées, et il était interdit à toute personne impure d'y toucher. (Lévitique 22:10-16)

Comment Lévitique 22 aborde-t-il la question de l’impureté dans les sacrifices ?

Les sacrifices imparfaits ou ceux offerts par des personnes impures étaient inacceptables devant Dieu, reflétant l'exigence de perfection dans le culte. (Lévitique 22:17-25)

Quelles sont les exigences pour les animaux sacrificiels dans Lévitique 22 ?

Les animaux sacrifiés devaient être parfaits, sans défauts physiques, représentant la sainteté et la perfection exigées par Dieu. (Lévitique 22:19-25)

Pourquoi les prêtres étaient-ils tenus d’éviter l’impureté dans Lévitique 22 ?

Les prêtres devaient éviter l'impureté afin de maintenir la sainteté nécessaire à leur service, garantissant ainsi que les offrandes seraient acceptées par Dieu. (Lévitique 22:2-3)

Qu’enseigne Lévitique 22 sur les offrandes volontaires ?

Les offrandes volontaires devaient être parfaites, sans défaut, pour être acceptables à Dieu, reflétant l'importance de la révérence dans le culte. (Lévitique 22:18-21)


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