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Deuteronomy, 24

1. 'Suppose a man has taken a wife and consummated the marriage; but she has not pleased him and he has found some impropriety of which to accuse her; he has therefore made out a writ of divorce for her and handed it to her and then dismissed her from his house;

1. "When a man takes a wife and marries her, if then she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some indecency in her, and he writes her a bill of divorce and puts it in her hand and sends her out of his house, and she departs out of his house,

2. she leaves his home and goes away to become the wife of another man.

2. and if she goes and becomes another man's wife,

3. Then suppose this second man who has married her takes a dislike to her and makes out a writ of divorce for her and hands it to her and dismisses her from his house or if this other man who took her as his wife dies,

3. and the latter husband dislikes her and writes her a bill of divorce and puts it in her hand and sends her out of his house, or if the latter husband dies, who took her to be his wife,

4. her first husband, who has repudiated her, may not take her back as his wife now that she has been made unclean in this way. For that is detestable in Yahweh's eyes and you must not bring guilt on the country which Yahweh your God is giving you as your heritage.

4. then her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife, after she has been defiled; for that is an abomination before the LORD, and you shall not bring guilt upon the land which the LORD your God gives you for an inheritance.

5. 'If a man is newly married, he must not join the army, nor must he be pestered at home; he must be left at home, free of all obligations for one year, to make his new wife happy.

5. "When a man is newly married, he shall not go out with the army or be charged with any business; he shall be free at home one year, to be happy with his wife whom he has taken.

6. 'No one may take a mill or a millstone in pledge; that would be to take life itself in pledge.

6. "No man shall take a mill or an upper millstone in pledge; for he would be taking a life in pledge.

7. 'If anyone is caught, having kidnapped one of his brother-Israelites, whether he makes him his slave or sells him, that thief must die. You must banish this evil from among you.

7. "If a man is found stealing one of his brethren, the people of Israel, and if he treats him as a slave or sells him, then that thief shall die; so you shall purge the evil from the midst of you.

8. 'In a case of a virulent skin-disease, take care you faithfully observe and exactly carry out everything that the levitical priests direct you to do. You must keep and observe everything that I have commanded them.

8. "Take heed, in an attack of leprosy, to be very careful to do according to all that the Levitical priests shall direct you; as I commanded them, so you shall be careful to do.

9. Remember what Yahweh your God did to Miriam when you were on your way out of Egypt.

9. Remember what the LORD your God did to Miriam on the way as you came forth out of Egypt.

10. 'If you are making your brother a loan on pledge, you must not go into his house and seize the pledge, whatever it may be.

10. "When you make your neighbor a loan of any sort, you shall not go into his house to fetch his pledge.

11. You must stay outside, and the man to whom you are making the loan must bring the pledge out to you.

11. You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you make the loan shall bring the pledge out to you.

12. And if the man is poor, you must not go to bed with his pledge in your possession;

12. And if he is a poor man, you shall not sleep in his pledge;

13. you must return it to him at sunset so that he can sleep in his cloak and bless you; and it will be an upright action on your part in God's view.

13. when the sun goes down, you shall restore to him the pledge that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you; and it shall be righteousness to you before the LORD your God.

14. 'You must not exploit a poor and needy wage-earner, be he one of your brothers or a foreigner resident in your community.

14. "You shall not oppress a hired servant who is poor and needy, whether he is one of your brethren or one of the sojourners who are in your land within your towns;

15. You must pay him his wages each day, not allowing the sun to set before you do, since he, being poor, needs them badly; otherwise he may appeal to Yahweh against you, and you would incur guilt.

15. you shall give him his hire on the day he earns it, before the sun goes down (for he is poor, and sets his heart upon it); lest he cry against you to the LORD, and it be sin in you.

16. 'Parents may not be put to death for their children, nor children for parents, but each must be put to death for his own crime.

16. "The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, nor shall the children be put to death for the fathers; every man shall be put to death for his own sin.

17. 'You must not infringe the rights of the foreigner or the orphan; you must not take a widow's clothes in pledge.

17. "You shall not pervert the justice due to the sojourner or to the fatherless, or take a widow's garment in pledge;

18. Remember that you were once a slave in Egypt and that Yahweh your God redeemed you from that. That is why I am giving you this order.

18. but you shall remember that you were a slave in Egypt and the LORD your God redeemed you from there; therefore I command you to do this.

19. 'If, when reaping the harvest in your field, you overlook a sheaf in that field, do not go back for it. The foreigner, the orphan and the widow shall have it, so that Yahweh your God may bless you in all your undertakings.

19. "When you reap your harvest in your field, and have forgotten a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it; it shall be for the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow; that the LORD your God may bless you in all the work of your hands.

20. 'When you beat your olive tree, you must not go over the branches twice. The foreigner, the orphan and the widow shall have the rest.

20. When you beat your olive trees, you shall not go over the boughs again; it shall be for the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow.

21. 'When you harvest your vineyard, you must not pick it over a second time. The foreigner, the orphan and the widow shall have the rest.

21. When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not glean it afterward; it shall be for the sojourner, the fatherless, and the widow.

22. 'Remember that you were once a slave in Egypt. That is why I am giving you this order.'

22. You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; therefore I command you to do this.



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Notas de rodapé:

24:1-4 - As leis sobre o divórcio e o novo casamento refletem a seriedade do compromisso matrimonial. A proteção da mulher é uma prioridade, mostrando que Deus deseja relacionamentos saudáveis e respeitosos (veja também Mateus 19:3-9 e Efésios 5:25-33).

24:5 - O mandamento para o homem recém-casado ter um ano livre de obrigações militares destaca a importância do tempo para fortalecer os laços matrimoniais. Essa instrução é um exemplo de priorizar a família sobre outras responsabilidades (veja também 1 Timóteo 5:8 e Efésios 5:28-29).

24:6 - A proibição de tomar a mós ou o pilão como garantia reflete a proteção dos necessitados. A justiça social é um tema importante, ressaltando a compaixão de Deus pelos vulneráveis (veja também Salmo 82:3-4 e Tiago 1:27).

24:10-13 - As leis sobre o empréstimo e a devolução de garantias demonstram a importância da ética nos negócios e a proteção dos pobres. Deus espera que Seu povo trate os outros com justiça e bondade (veja também Provérbios 19:17 e Lucas 6:31).

24:17-22 - A lembrança do passado de escravidão no Egito destaca a importância da justiça e da compaixão em relação aos necessitados. Essa narrativa serve como um chamado à empatia e à responsabilidade social (veja também Levítico 19:9-10 e Mateus 25:40).

Versículos relacionados com Deuteronomy, 24:

Deuteronômio capítulo 24 apresenta leis de proteção social. Como Deus cuida dos vulneráveis na sociedade? Este texto compassivo aborda temas como divórcio, novos casamentos, penhoras, sequestro e leprosos. O capítulo enfatiza a justiça para trabalhadores, estrangeiros, órfãos e viúvas. Deuteronômio 24 revela o coração de Deus para os marginalizados e estabelece princípios de equidade social. Examine conosco cinco passagens bíblicas que elucidam os princípios de justiça social deste capítulo inspirador.

Mateus 5:31-32: "Foi dito: 'Aquele que se divorciar de sua mulher deverá dar-lhe certidão de divórcio'. Mas eu lhes digo que todo aquele que se divorciar de sua mulher, exceto por imoralidade sexual, faz que ela se torne adúltera, e quem se casar com a mulher divorciada estará cometendo adultério." - Jesus faz referência direta às leis sobre divórcio mencionadas em Deuteronômio 24:1-4, oferecendo uma nova interpretação.

Marcos 10:2-9: "Alguns fariseus se aproximaram dele e o puseram à prova com esta pergunta: 'É permitido ao homem divorciar-se de sua mulher?'..." - Jesus discute e reinterpreta as leis de divórcio de Deuteronômio 24:1-4 nesta passagem.

Tiago 5:4: "Atentem para isto: O salário dos trabalhadores que ceifaram os seus campos, e que por vocês foi retido com fraude, está clamando contra vocês. O lamento dos ceifeiros chegou aos ouvidos do Senhor dos Exércitos." - Este versículo reflete os princípios de justiça para os trabalhadores encontrados em Deuteronômio 24:14-15.

Mateus 6:24: "Ninguém pode servir a dois senhores; pois odiará a um e amará o outro, ou se dedicará a um e desprezará o outro. Vocês não podem servir a Deus e ao Dinheiro." - Este ensinamento de Jesus reflete os princípios de justiça econômica encontrados em Deuteronômio 24:10-13.

Lucas 6:34-35: "E, se emprestarem a pessoas de quem vocês esperam devolução, que mérito vocês têm? Até os 'pecadores' emprestam a 'pecadores', esperando receber devolução integral. Ao contrário, amem os seus inimigos, façam-lhes o bem e emprestem a eles, sem esperar receber nada de volta..." - Jesus expande os princípios de empréstimo encontrados em Deuteronômio 24:10-13.

FAQ:

O que fazer se um homem der um bilhete de divórcio à sua esposa?

Se um homem der um bilhete de divórcio, a esposa deve sair de casa. Se ela se casar com outro homem e depois voltar para o primeiro marido, isso é considerado abominação. (Deuteronômio 24:1-4)

Qual é a lei sobre a colheita de campos e vinhedos?

Os campos e vinhedos devem ser deixados para os pobres e estrangeiros para que possam colher o que restou, garantindo sustento para os necessitados. (Deuteronômio 24:19-22)

Como deve ser tratado o trabalhador contratado?

O trabalhador deve receber seu pagamento no final do dia, e o não pagamento é considerado injustiça. O salário deve ser dado imediatamente para não oprimir o trabalhador. (Deuteronômio 24:14-15)

O que deve ser feito se uma pessoa for acusada de um crime sem evidências?

Se alguém for acusado de um crime e não houver evidências suficientes, a justiça deve ser buscada com testemunhas verdadeiras. A falsidade é condenada. (Deuteronômio 24:16)

Qual é a regra para a punição de crimes?

A punição deve ser justa e não exceder o crime cometido, como em castigos físicos. A pena deve corresponder ao ato para manter a justiça. (Deuteronômio 24:17-18)


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