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Leviticus, 19

1. Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

1. And the LORD said to Moses,

2. 'Speak to the whole community of Israelites and say: "Be holy, for I, Yahweh your God, am holy.

2. "Say to all the congregation of the people of Israel, You shall be holy; for I the LORD your God am holy.

3. "Each of you will respect father and mother. "And you will keep my Sabbaths; I am Yahweh your God.

3. Every one of you shall revere his mother and his father, and you shall keep my sabbaths: I am the LORD your God.

4. "Do not turn to idols and do not cast metal gods for yourselves. I am Yahweh your God.

4. Do not turn to idols or make for yourselves molten gods: I am the LORD your God.

5. "If you offer a communion sacrifice to Yahweh, make it in such a way as to be acceptable.

5. "When you offer a sacrifice of peace offerings to the LORD, you shall offer it so that you may be accepted.

6. It must be eaten the same day or the day after; whatever is left on the third day must be burnt.

6. It shall be eaten the same day you offer it, or on the morrow; and anything left over until the third day shall be burned with fire.

7. If eaten on the third day it would be rotten food and not be acceptable.

7. If it is eaten at all on the third day, it is an abomination; it will not be accepted,

8. Anyone who eats it must bear the consequences of this guilt, having profaned Yahweh's holiness; that person will be outlawed from his people.

8. and every one who eats it shall bear his iniquity, because he has profaned a holy thing of the LORD; and that person shall be cut off from his people.

9. "When you reap the harvest of your land, you will not reap to the very edges of the field, nor will you gather the gleanings of the harvest;

9. "When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field to its very border, neither shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest.

10. nor will you strip your vineyard bare, nor pick up the fallen grapes. You will leave them for the poor and the stranger. I am Yahweh your God.

10. And you shall not strip your vineyard bare, neither shall you gather the fallen grapes of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am the LORD your God.

11. "You will not steal, nor deal deceitfully or fraudulently with your fellow-citizen.

11. "You shall not steal, nor deal falsely, nor lie to one another.

12. You will not swear by my name with intent to deceive and thus profane the name of your God. I am Yahweh.

12. And you shall not swear by my name falsely, and so profane the name of your God: I am the LORD.

13. You will not exploit or rob your fellow. You will not keep back the labourer's wage until next morning.

13. "You shall not oppress your neighbor or rob him. The wages of a hired servant shall not remain with you all night until the morning.

14. You will not curse the dumb or put an obstacle in the way of the blind, but will fear your God. I am Yahweh.

14. You shall not curse the deaf or put a stumbling block before the blind, but you shall fear your God: I am the LORD.

15. "You will not be unjust in administering justice. You will neither be partial to the poor nor overawed by the great, but will administer justice to your fellow-citizen justly.

15. "You shall do no injustice in judgment; you shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great, but in righteousness shall you judge your neighbor.

16. You will not go about slandering your own family, nor will you put your neighbour's life in jeopardy. I am Yahweh.

16. You shall not go up and down as a slanderer among your people, and you shall not stand forth against the life of your neighbor: I am the LORD.

17. You will not harbour hatred for your brother. You will reprove your fellow-countryman firmly and thus avoid burdening yourself with a sin.

17. "You shall not hate your brother in your heart, but you shall reason with your neighbor, lest you bear sin because of him.

18. You will not exact vengeance on, or bear any sort of grudge against, the members of your race, but will love your neighbour as yourself. I am Yahweh.

18. You shall not take vengeance or bear any grudge against the sons of your own people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD.

19. "You will keep my laws. "You will not mate your cattle with those of another kind; you will not sow two kinds of grain in your field; you will not wear a garment made from two kinds of fabric.

19. "You shall keep my statutes. You shall not let your cattle breed with a different kind; you shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed; nor shall there come upon you a garment of cloth made of two kinds of stuff.

20. "If someone has intercourse with a woman who is the concubine slave of a man from whom she has not been redeemed and she has not been given her freedom, he will be liable for a fine, but they will not incur death, since she was not a free woman.

20. "If a man lies carnally with a woman who is a slave, betrothed to another man and not yet ransomed or given her freedom, an inquiry shall be held. They shall not be put to death, because she was not free;

21. He will bring a sacrifice of reparation for Yahweh to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. This will be a ram of reparation,

21. but he shall bring a guilt offering for himself to the LORD, to the door of the tent of meeting, a ram for a guilt offering.

22. and with the ram of reparation the priest will perform the rite of expiation for him before Yahweh for the sin committed; and the sin he has committed will be forgiven.

22. And the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering before the LORD for his sin which he has committed; and the sin which he has committed shall be forgiven him.

23. "Once you have entered the country and planted any kind of fruit tree, you will regard its fruit as uncircumcised. For three years you will count it as uncircumcised and it will not be eaten;

23. "When you come into the land and plant all kinds of trees for food, then you shall count their fruit as forbidden; three years it shall be forbidden to you, it must not be eaten.

24. in the fourth year, all its fruit will be consecrated to Yahweh in a feast of praise;

24. And in the fourth year all their fruit shall be holy, an offering of praise to the LORD.

25. and in the fifth year you may eat its fruit, so that it may yield you even more. I am Yahweh your God.

25. But in the fifth year you may eat of their fruit, that they may yield more richly for you: I am the LORD your God.

26. "You will eat nothing with blood in it. You will not practise divination or magic.

26. "You shall not eat any flesh with the blood in it. You shall not practice augury or witchcraft.

27. "You will not round off your hair at the edges or trim the edges of your beard.

27. You shall not round off the hair on your temples or mar the edges of your beard.

28. You will not gash your bodies when someone dies, and you will not tattoo yourselves. I am Yahweh.

28. You shall not make any cuttings in your flesh on account of the dead or tattoo any marks upon you: I am the LORD.

29. "Do not profane your daughter by making her a prostitute, or the country itself will become prostituted and filled with incest.

29. "Do not profane your daughter by making her a harlot, lest the land fall into harlotry and the land become full of wickedness.

30. "You will keep my Sabbaths and revere my sanctuary. I am Yahweh.

30. You shall keep my sabbaths and reverence my sanctuary: I am the LORD.

31. "Do not have recourse to the spirits of the dead or to magicians; they will defile you. I, Yahweh, am your God.

31. "Do not turn to mediums or wizards; do not seek them out, to be defiled by them: I am the LORD your God.

32. "You will stand up in the presence of grey hair, you will honour the person of the aged and fear your God. I am Yahweh.

32. "You shall rise up before the hoary head, and honor the face of an old man, and you shall fear your God: I am the LORD.

33. "If you have resident aliens in your country, you will not molest them.

33. "When a stranger sojourns with you in your land, you shall not do him wrong.

34. You will treat resident aliens as though they were native-born and love them as yourself -- for you yourselves were once aliens in Egypt. I am Yahweh your God.

34. The stranger who sojourns with you shall be to you as the native among you, and you shall love him as yourself; for you were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.

35. "You will not be unjust in administering justice as regards measures of length, weight or capacity.

35. "You shall do no wrong in judgment, in measures of length or weight or quantity.

36. You will have just scales, just weights, a just ephah and a just hin. I am Yahweh your God who brought you out of Egypt;

36. You shall have just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin: I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt.

37. hence you are to keep all my laws and all my customs and put them into practice. I am Yahweh." '

37. And you shall observe all my statutes and all my ordinances, and do them: I am the LORD."



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Note a piè di pagina:

19:1-2 - Dio comanda al Suo popolo di essere santo perché Lui è santo. Questa chiamata alla santità è un principio fondamentale della vita religiosa in Israele, e la santità deve permeare ogni ambito della vita (vedi anche 1 Pietro 1:15-16 e Matteo 5:48).

19:9-10 - Le leggi che stabiliscono di lasciare gli avanzi del raccolto ai poveri e agli stranieri riflettono giustizia sociale e misericordia. Dio desidera che il Suo popolo si prenda cura di chi è nel bisogno, promuovendo uno spirito di generosità e compassione (vedi anche Deuteronomio 24:19-21 e Giacomo 1:27).

19:11-12 - Dio proibisce il furto, la menzogna e il giuramento falso, sottolineando l'integrità e l'onestà che dovrebbero caratterizzare il Suo popolo. La fedeltà alla verità riflette il carattere di Dio (vedi anche Efesini 4:25 e Proverbi 12:22).

19:17-18 - Il comandamento di non serbare rancore e di amare il prossimo come se stessi è una delle massime espressioni dell'etica biblica. Gesù cita questo comandamento come uno dei due più grandi comandamenti (vedi anche Matteo 22:39 e Romani 13:8-10).

19:35-36 - Le leggi sui pesi e sulle misure giuste sottolineano l'importanza dell'equità e dell'onestà nelle transazioni commerciali. Dio richiede al Suo popolo di essere giusto in ogni aspetto della vita (vedi anche Proverbi 11:1 e Michea 6:11).

Versi relativi a Leviticus, 19:

Levitico capitolo 19 presenta un codice di santità completo. Come vivere una vita santa nella vita di tutti i giorni? Questo testo diversificato affronta argomenti come il rispetto dei genitori, l'osservanza del sabato, la giustizia sociale e l'amore per gli altri. Il capitolo sottolinea che la santità deve permeare tutti gli aspetti della vita. Queste leggi riflettono il carattere di Dio e il Suo desiderio di un popolo distinto. Esaminiamo con noi cinque passaggi biblici che approfondiscono la nostra comprensione di questa chiamata alla santità pratica nella nostra vita quotidiana.

Giacomo 2:8: "Se obbedisci veramente alla legge reale che si trova nella Scrittura che dice: "Ama il tuo prossimo come te stesso", stai facendo bene." - Giacomo cita Levitico 19:18, definendolo la "legge reale".

Matteo 22:39: "E il secondo è simile: "Ama il prossimo tuo come te stesso"." - Gesù cita Levitico 19:18 come il secondo più grande comandamento.

1 Pietro 1:16: "Perché sta scritto: "Siate santi, perché io sono santo"." - Pietro cita Levitico 19:2, applicando la chiamata alla santità ai cristiani.

Efesini 6:2-3: "Onora tuo padre e tua madre», che è il primo comandamento con una promessa: «affinché tutto ti vada bene e tu abbia lunga vita sulla terra»." - Paolo cita il comando di Levitico 19:3 riguardo all'onorare i genitori.

1 Corinzi 10:14: "Perciò, miei diletti, fuggite dall'idolatria." - Questo versetto fa eco alla proibizione di Levitico 19:4 contro l'idolatria.

FAQ:

Cosa significa “essere santi perché Dio è santo” in Levitico 19?

Dio chiama le persone a riflettere la Sua santità in ogni ambito della vita, dall'adorazione alle relazioni umane, separandosi dal peccato. (Levitico 19:1-2)

Quali sono alcune delle leggi sociali contenute in Levitico 19?

Levitico 19 contiene leggi sull'onestà, la giustizia sociale, il rispetto per i poveri e la dignità umana, che regolano il comportamento all'interno della comunità di Israele. (Levitico 19:9-18)

Perché Levitico 19 proibisce la raccolta completa dei raccolti?

Dio comanda che una parte del raccolto venga lasciata ai poveri e agli stranieri, promuovendo la giustizia sociale e la cura dei vulnerabili. (Levitico 19:9-10)

In che modo Levitico 19 affronta l'idolatria e l'occulto?

Il capitolo proibisce pratiche pagane come l'idolatria, la stregoneria e la divinazione, invitando il popolo ad adorare Dio esclusivamente in modo puro e santo. (Levitico 19:4, 26)

Cosa significa amare il prossimo come se stessi in Levitico 19?

“Ama il tuo prossimo come te stesso” riassume le leggi di Levitico 19, riflettendo il comandamento di trattare gli altri con la stessa dignità e rispetto che desideriamo per noi stessi. (Levitico 19:18)


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