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Ezekiel, 18

1. The word of Yahweh was addressed to me as follows,

1. The word of the LORD came to me again:

2. 'Why do you keep repeating this proverb in the land of Israel: The parents have eaten unripe grapes; and the children's teeth are set on edge?

2. "What do you mean by repeating this proverb concerning the land of Israel, `The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge'?

3. 'As I live -- declares the Lord Yahweh -- you will have no further cause to repeat this proverb in Israel.

3. As I live, says the Lord GOD, this proverb shall no more be used by you in Israel.

4. Look, all life belongs to me; the father's life and the son's life, both alike belong to me. The one who has sinned is the one to die.

4. Behold, all souls are mine; the soul of the father as well as the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sins shall die.

5. 'But if a man is upright, his actions law-abiding and upright,

5. "If a man is righteous and does what is lawful and right --

6. and he does not eat on the mountains or raise his eyes to the foul idols of the House of Israel, does not defile his neighbour's wife or touch a woman during her periods,

6. if he does not eat upon the mountains or lift up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor's wife or approach a woman in her time of impurity,

7. oppresses no one, returns the pledge on a debt, does not rob, gives his own food to the hungry, his clothes to those who lack clothing,

7. does not oppress any one, but restores to the debtor his pledge, commits no robbery, gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with a garment,

8. does not lend for profit, does not charge interest, abstains from evil, gives honest judgement between one person and another,

8. does not lend at interest or take any increase, withholds his hand from iniquity, executes true justice between man and man,

9. keeps my laws and sincerely respects my judgements -- someone like this is truly upright and will live -- declares the Lord Yahweh.

9. walks in my statutes, and is careful to observe my ordinances -- he is righteous, he shall surely live, says the Lord GOD.

10. 'But if he has a son prone to violence and bloodshed, who commits one of these misdeeds-

10. "If he begets a son who is a robber, a shedder of blood,

11. even though the father never has -- a son who dares to eat on the mountains, who defiles his neighbour's wife,

11. who does none of these duties, but eats upon the mountains, defiles his neighbor's wife,

12. who oppresses the poor and needy, robs, fails to return pledges, raises his eyes to foul idols, engages in loathsome practices,

12. oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore the pledge, lifts up his eyes to the idols, commits abomination,

13. lends for profit, or charges interest, such a person will by no means live; having committed all these appalling crimes he will die, and his blood be on his own head.

13. lends at interest, and takes increase; shall he then live? He shall not live. He has done all these abominable things; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon himself.

14. 'But if he in turn has a son who, in spite of seeing all the sins that his father has committed, does not imitate him,

14. "But if this man begets a son who sees all the sins which his father has done, and fears, and does not do likewise,

15. does not eat on the mountains or raise his eyes to the foul idols of the House of Israel, does not defile his neighbour's wife,

15. who does not eat upon the mountains or lift up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, does not defile his neighbor's wife,

16. oppresses no one, takes no pledges, does not rob, gives his own food to the hungry, his clothes to those who lack clothing,

16. does not wrong any one, exacts no pledge, commits no robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with a garment,

17. abstains from evil, does not lend for profit or charge interest, respects my judgements and keeps my laws, he will not die for his father's sins: he will most certainly live.

17. withholds his hand from iniquity, takes no interest or increase, observes my ordinances, and walks in my statutes; he shall not die for his father's iniquity; he shall surely live.

18. But his father, because he was violent, robbed others and never did good among his people, will most certainly die in his guilt.

18. As for his father, because he practiced extortion, robbed his brother, and did what is not good among his people, behold, he shall die for his iniquity.

19. 'Now, you say, "Why doesn't the son bear his father's guilt?" If the son has been law-abiding and upright, has kept all my laws and followed them, most certainly he will live.

19. "Yet you say, `Why should not the son suffer for the iniquity of the father?' When the son has done what is lawful and right, and has been careful to observe all my statutes, he shall surely live.

20. The one who has sinned is the one who must die; a son is not to bear his father's guilt, nor a father his son's guilt. The upright will be credited with his uprightness, and the wicked with his wickedness.

20. The soul that sins shall die. The son shall not suffer for the iniquity of the father, nor the father suffer for the iniquity of the son; the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon himself.

21. 'If the wicked, however, renounces all the sins he has committed, respects my laws and is law-abiding and upright, he will most certainly live; he will not die.

21. "But if a wicked man turns away from all his sins which he has committed and keeps all my statutes and does what is lawful and right, he shall surely live; he shall not die.

22. None of the crimes he committed will be remembered against him from then on; he will most certainly live because of his upright actions.

22. None of the transgressions which he has committed shall be remembered against him; for the righteousness which he has done he shall live.

23. Would I take pleasure in the death of the wicked -- declares the Lord Yahweh -- and not prefer to see him renounce his wickedness and live?

23. Have I any pleasure in the death of the wicked, says the Lord GOD, and not rather that he should turn from his way and live?

24. 'But if the upright abandons uprightness and does wrong by copying all the loathsome practices of the wicked, is he to live? All his upright actions will be forgotten from then on; for the infidelity of which he is guilty and the sin which he has committed, he will most certainly die.

24. But when a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and commits iniquity and does the same abominable things that the wicked man does, shall he live? None of the righteous deeds which he has done shall be remembered; for the treachery of which he is guilty and the sin he has committed, he shall die.

25. 'Now, you say, "What the Lord does is unjust." Now listen, House of Israel: is what I do unjust? Is it not what you do that is unjust?

25. "Yet you say, `The way of the Lord is not just.' Hear now, O house of Israel: Is my way not just? Is it not your ways that are not just?

26. When the upright abandons uprightness and does wrong and dies, he dies because of the wrong which he himself has done.

26. When a righteous man turns away from his righteousness and commits iniquity, he shall die for it; for the iniquity which he has committed he shall die.

27. Similarly, when the wicked abandons wickedness to become law-abiding and upright, he saves his own life.

27. Again, when a wicked man turns away from the wickedness he has committed and does what is lawful and right, he shall save his life.

28. Having chosen to renounce all his previous crimes, he will most certainly live: he will not die.

28. Because he considered and turned away from all the transgressions which he had committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.

29. And yet the House of Israel says, "What the Lord does is unjust." Is what I do unjust, House of Israel? Is it not what you do that is unjust?

29. Yet the house of Israel says, `The way of the Lord is not just.' O house of Israel, are my ways not just? Is it not your ways that are not just?

30. So in future, House of Israel, I shall judge each of you by what that person does -- declares the Lord Yahweh. Repent, renounce all your crimes, avoid all occasions for guilt.

30. "Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, says the Lord GOD. Repent and turn from all your transgressions, lest iniquity be your ruin.

31. Shake off all the crimes you have committed, and make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit! Why die, House of Israel?

31. Cast away from you all the transgressions which you have committed against me, and get yourselves a new heart and a new spirit! Why will you die, O house of Israel?

32. I take no pleasure in the death of anyone -- declares the Lord Yahweh -- so repent and live!'

32. For I have no pleasure in the death of any one, says the Lord GOD; so turn, and live."



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Notas al pie:

18:1-4 - Dios declara que cada persona rendirá cuentas de sus propias acciones. Este principio de responsabilidad individual contrasta con la idea de la culpa heredada y enseña que todos tienen la oportunidad de arrepentirse y cambiar (véase también Deuteronomio 24:16 y Jeremías 31:29-30).

18:5-9 - Los justos que viven conforme a la justicia de Dios son bienaventurados. Esto reafirma que la justicia de Dios se basa en decisiones personales y no en la herencia familiar ni en la posición social (véase también Salmo 1:1-3 y Mateo 7:21-23).

18:10-13 - La condenación del hijo malvado demuestra que Dios juzga la justicia personal, no la de los demás. Practicar la maldad lleva a la muerte, mientras que la obediencia lleva a la vida (véase también Ezequiel 3:18-21 y Romanos 6:23).

18:14-17 - Dios acepta el cambio de actitud del malvado, quien se arrepiente y se vuelve a la justicia. Esto resalta la misericordia de Dios y la posibilidad de salvación mediante el arrepentimiento sincero (véase también 2 Pedro 3:9 y Lucas 15:7).

18:30-32 - Dios llama al pueblo de Israel al arrepentimiento. La muerte espiritual se puede evitar mediante la transformación, pues Dios no se deleita en la muerte de los malvados, sino que desea la salvación de todos (véase también Ezequiel 33:11 y 1 Timoteo 2:4).

Versos relacionados con Ezekiel, 18:

El capítulo 18 de Ezequiel aborda la responsabilidad individual ante Dios. ¿Cómo desafía esta enseñanza las creencias populares? Este texto crucial refuta el proverbio acerca de que los padres comen uvas agrias y a sus hijos se les ponen los dientes de punta. El capítulo enfatiza que cada persona es responsable de sus propios pecados, destacando la justicia de Dios y la posibilidad del arrepentimiento. Este mensaje ofrece esperanza a los justos y advertencia a los malvados. Reflexione con nosotros sobre cinco pasajes bíblicos que se correlacionan con los principios de justicia individual en este capítulo fundamental.

Jeremías 31:29-30: "En aquellos días ya no se dirá: "Los padres comieron uvas agrias, y a los hijos les pusieron los dientes dentera". Más bien, cada uno morirá por su propio pecado; al que come uvas agrias se le rechinarán los dientes." - Este pasaje de Jeremías aborda el mismo proverbio y tema de responsabilidad individual que analiza Ezequiel 18.

Deuteronomio 24:16: "No se matará a los padres en lugar de sus hijos, ni a los hijos en lugar de sus padres; cada uno morirá por su propio pecado." - Este mandamiento de la Ley de Moisés establece el principio de responsabilidad individual que elabora Ezequiel 18.

Romanos 2:6-8: "Dios 'recompensará a cada uno según su conducta'. Él dará vida eterna a aquellos que, persistiendo en hacer el bien, buscan la gloria, el honor y la inmortalidad. Pero habrá ira e indignación para aquellos que son egoístas, que rechazan la verdad y siguen la injusticia." - Pablo reafirma el principio de responsabilidad individual y juicio justo que enfatiza Ezequiel 18.

2 Corintios 5:10: "Porque es necesario que todos comparezcamos ante el tribunal de Cristo, para que cada uno reciba según las obras que haya hecho mientras estaba en el cuerpo, sean buenas o malas." - Este versículo del Nuevo Testamento hace eco del tema de la responsabilidad individual y el juicio justo de Ezequiel 18.

Juan 9:1-3: "Al pasar Jesús, vio a un hombre que había nacido ciego. Sus discípulos le preguntaron: 'Maestro, ¿quién pecó: éste o sus padres, que nació ciego?' Jesús dijo: 'Ni él ni sus padres pecaron, pero esto sucedió para que la obra de Dios se manifestara en su vida'." - Jesús desafía la noción del pecado hereditario, alineándose con la enseñanza de Ezequiel 18 sobre la responsabilidad individual.

FAQ:

¿Qué dijo Ezequiel sobre la responsabilidad individual?

Ezequiel afirmó que cada persona sería responsable de sus propias acciones y que los hijos no serían castigados por los pecados de sus padres (Ezequiel 18:1-4).

¿Cómo explicó Ezequiel la justicia de Dios?

Ezequiel explicó que la justicia de Dios implica recompensar a los justos y castigar a los malvados, según las acciones individuales de cada persona. (Ezequiel 18:5-13)

¿Qué pasa con los malvados que se arrepienten según Ezequiel 18?

Ezequiel dijo que los malvados que se arrepientan de sus pecados serán perdonados y vivirán, recibiendo la misericordia de Dios. (Ezequiel 18:21-23)

¿Cuál es el mensaje de Ezequiel sobre la vida y la muerte espiritual?

Ezequiel enseñó que la vida espiritual está relacionada con el arrepentimiento y la rectitud, y que la muerte espiritual proviene de la maldad impenitente (Ezequiel 18:30-32).

¿Cómo reaccionó el pueblo de Israel al mensaje de Ezequiel sobre la justicia?

El pueblo de Israel acusó a Dios de ser injusto, diciendo que castigaba a los justos y recompensaba a los malvados, pero Ezequiel corrigió esta opinión (Ezequiel 18:25-29).


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