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Deuteronomy, 19

1. When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses;

1. When Yahweh, your God, has destroyed the nations whose land he will give you, when you have driven them away and you occupy their houses,

2. Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

2. you shall set aside three cities in the midst of the land which Yahweh, your God, gives you in possession.

3. Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.

3. Open a way to them and divide in three parts the territory that Yahweh, your God, gives you in possession: so that anyone who has killed someone may find refuge in those cities.

4. And this [is] the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly, whom he hated not in time past;

4. But who may find refuge there to save himself? The person who caused the death of his neighbor with whom he had had no quarrel before.

5. As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live:

5. For example, if someone goes to the forest with a companion to cut firewood and as he wields the axe to cut a tree, the blade comes off its handle, mortally wounding his companion, he can flee into one of those cities and so save himself.

6. Lest the avenger of the blood pursue the slayer, while his heart is hot, and overtake him, because the way is long, and slay him; whereas he [was] not worthy of death, inasmuch as he hated him not in time past.

6. The avenger of blood must not be allowed, in his rage, to hunt the killer and catch up with him because the distance is great, and kill him in turn, when in reality the latter is not guilty of murder, since he had had no previous quarrel with his companion.

7. Wherefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt separate three cities for thee.

7. For this reason, I command you to set aside these three cities.

8. And if the LORD thy God enlarge thy coast, as he hath sworn unto thy fathers, and give thee all the land which he promised to give unto thy fathers;

8. But perhaps Yahweh will extend your frontiers as he has sworn to your fathers, and give you all the land that he promised to your fathers,

9. If thou shalt keep all these commandments to do them, which I command thee this day, to love the LORD thy God, and to walk ever in his ways; then shalt thou add three cities more for thee, beside these three:

9. on condition that you keep his commandments and do what I tell you today, that is, that you love Yahweh, your God, and follow his ways at all times. Then you shall add three more to these three cities.

10. That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee [for] an inheritance, and [so] blood be upon thee.

10. In that way, innocent blood shall not be shed in the midst of the land which Yahweh, your God, gives you as your inheritance, and you will not be guilty of such shedding of blood.

11. But if any man hate his neighbour, and lie in wait for him, and rise up against him, and smite him mortally that he die, and fleeth into one of these cities:

11. But if a man, because of a feud with his neighbor, ambushes him and falls on him and wounds him fatally, and if afterwards the aggressor flees into one of these cities,

12. Then the elders of his city shall send and fetch him thence, and deliver him into the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die.

12. the heads of this city shall order that he be arrested there in the place of asylum. And he shall be put in the hands of the relatives of the victim that they may kill him.

13. Thine eye shall not pity him, but thou shalt put away [the guilt of] innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with thee.

13. Do not show pity to him for you must remove from Israel the shedding of innocent blood, so that you may have prosperity.

14. Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

14. In the inheritance you receive in the land which Yahweh, your God, will give as your possession, do not move the boundaries of your neighbor set by your ancestors.

15. One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established.

15. A sole witness is not enough to condemn anyone, whatever be the crime or offense of which the person is accused. Only by the testimony of two or three witnesses can a case be resolved.

16. If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him [that which is] wrong;

16. If only one witness rises against a person and accuses him of an offense,

17. Then both the men, between whom the controversy [is], shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days;

17. both parties involved shall appear before Yahweh in the presence of the priests and judges then in office, who may deal with it.

18. And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, [if] the witness [be] a false witness, [and] hath testified falsely against his brother;

18. The judges will examine the case in detail, and if it turns out that the witness had lied in falsely accusing his brother,

19. Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away from among you.

19. they shall impose on him the punishment which the lying witness tried to impose on his brother. So shall you uproot evil from your midst,

20. And those which remain shall hear, and fear, and shall henceforth commit no more any such evil among you.

20. because others, upon knowing it, shall fear and not do the same.

21. And thine eye shall not pity; [but] life [shall go] for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

21. Do not feel sorry for him: life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.



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Notas de rodapé:

19:1-3 - Cities of refuge are instituted as a means of protection for those who have committed involuntary manslaughter, demonstrating God's mercy and the importance of balanced justice (see also Numbers 35:6-7 and Hebrews 6:18).

19:4-10 - The guidelines on involuntary manslaughter emphasize the need to understand the intentions and circumstances behind actions, emphasizing justice and fairness in the application of the law (see also Exodus 21:12-14 and Matthew 5:21-22).

19:11-13 - The penalty for premeditated murder highlights the seriousness of the sin and the protection of human life. This distinction between involuntary and premeditated manslaughter reflects the importance of the value of life (see also Genesis 9:6 and Romans 13:4).

19:14 - The prohibition against moving landmarks is a warning against injustice and exploitation, reinforcing integrity and honesty in transactions. Preservation of property is fundamental to social justice (see also Proverbs 22:28 and Hosea 5:10).

19:15-21 - The principle of testimony is reiterated, highlighting the importance of a fair judicial system and truthfulness in statements. Justice is fundamental to community life and the well-being of society (see also Matthew 18:16 and 2 Corinthians 13:1).

Versículos relacionados com Deuteronomy, 19:

Deuteronomy chapter 19 establishes laws to protect life and justice. How does God promote equity in Israelite society? This significant text details the creation of cities of refuge, offering protection to unintentional murderers. The chapter also addresses the importance of truthful witnesses and the consequences for false testimony. Deuteronomy 19 reveals the value God places on human life and impartial justice. Consider with us five biblical passages that correlate with the crucial themes of this revealing chapter.

Joshua 20:2-3: "Tell the Israelites to designate the cities of refuge that I told you about through Moses, so that anyone who kills someone unintentionally and without premeditation can flee there and find protection from the slain person's avenger." - This passage shows the implementation of the cities of refuge established in Deuteronomy 19.

Matthew 18:16: "But if he does not listen to them, take one or two more people with him, so that 'any accusation may be confirmed by the testimony of two or three witnesses.'" - Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 19:15 about the need for two or three witnesses, applying the principle to church discipline.

2 Corinthians 13:1: "This will be my third visit to you. 'Every question must be decided by the testimony of two or three witnesses'." - Paul quotes Deuteronomy 19:15, applying the witness principle to his visit to the church at Corinth.

Hebrews 10:28: "Whoever rejected the law of Moses died without mercy, on the testimony of two or three witnesses." - The author of Hebrews references the law of witnesses in Deuteronomy 19:15, using it as the basis for an argument about the gravity of rejecting Christ.

1 Timothy 5:19: "Do not accept an accusation against an elder unless it is confirmed by two or three witnesses." - Paul applies the Deuteronomy 19:15 principle about witnesses to the discipline of leaders in the church.

FAQ:

What is the purpose of the cities of refuge in Deuteronomy 19?

Cities of refuge were places where someone who committed accidental homicide could flee to avoid revenge until he could be judged. (Deuteronomy 19:2-4)

What to do in cases of false testimony in Deuteronomy 19?

False testimony was severely punished. The false accuser would suffer the same punishment he tried to inflict on the accused. (Deuteronomy 19:16-19)

Why is the presence of two or three witnesses important?

The presence of two or three witnesses was necessary to establish the truth in trials, preventing unfair accusations. (Deuteronomy 19:15)

How should justice be applied in homicide cases?

An accidental murderer could flee to a city of refuge, but a premeditated murderer was to be handed over to justice and punished with death. (Deuteronomy 19:11-13)

What does “an eye for an eye” mean in Deuteronomy 19?

An eye for an eye means that punishment should be proportionate to the crime committed, ensuring justice without excessive revenge. (Deuteronomy 19:21)


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