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Leviticus, 21

1. The LORD said to Moses,

1. Yahweh said to Moses: 'Speak to the priests descended from Aaron and say: "None of them must make himself unclean by touching the corpse of one of his people,

2. "Tell Aaron and his sons to respect the sacred offerings which the Israelites consecrate to me; else they will profane my holy name. I am the LORD.

2. unless it be of one of his closest relations-father, mother, son, daughter, brother,

3. "Tell them: If any one of you, or of your descendants in any future generation, dares, while he is in a state of uncleanness, to draw near the sacred offerings which the Israelites consecrate to the LORD, such a one shall be cut off from my presence. I am the LORD.

3. or virgin sister, since she being unmarried is still his close relation: he can make himself unclean for her;

4. "No descendant of Aaron who is stricken with leprosy, or who suffers from a flow, may eat of these sacred offerings, unless he again becomes clean. Moreover, if anyone touches a person who has become unclean by contact with a corpse, or if anyone has had an emission of seed,

4. but for a close female relation who is married he will not make himself unclean; he would profane himself.

5. or if anyone touches any swarming creature or any man whose uncleanness, of whatever kind it may be, is contagious,

5. "They will not make tonsures on their heads, shave the edges of their beards, or gash their bodies.

6. the one who touches such as these shall be unclean until evening and may not eat of the sacred portions until he has first bathed his body in water,

6. They will be consecrated to their God and will not profane the name of their God. For their function is to offer the food burnt for Yahweh, the food of their God, and so they must be holy.

7. then, when the sun sets, he again becomes clean. Only then may he eat of the sacred offerings, which are his food.

7. "They will not marry a woman profaned by prostitution, or one divorced by her husband, for the priest is consecrated to his God.

8. He shall not make himself unclean by eating of any animal that has died of itself or has been killed by wild beasts. I am the LORD.

8. "You will treat him as holy, for he offers the food of your God. For you, he will be a holy person, for I, Yahweh, who sanctify you, am holy.

9. "They shall keep my charge and not do wrong in this matter; else they will die for their profanation. I am the LORD who have consecrated them.

9. "If a priest's daughter profanes herself by prostitution, she profanes her father and will be burnt alive.

10. "Neither a lay person nor a priest's tenant or hired servant may eat of any sacred offering.

10. "The priest who is pre-eminent over his brothers, on whose head the anointing oil has been poured, and who, robed in the sacred vestments, has received investiture, will not disorder his hair or tear his clothes;

11. But a slave whom a priest acquires by purchase or who is born in his house may eat of his food.

11. he will not go near any corpse or make himself unclean even for his father or mother.

12. A priest's daughter who is married to a layman may not eat of the sacred contributions.

12. He will not leave the holy place in such a way as to profane the sanctuary of his God; for he bears the consecration of the anointing oil of his God. I am Yahweh.

13. But if a priest's daughter is widowed or divorced and, having no children, returns to her father's house, she may then eat of her father's food as in her youth. No layman, however, may eat of it.

13. "He will marry a woman who is still a virgin.

14. If such a one eats of a sacred offering through inadvertence, he shall make restitution to the priest for the sacred offering, with an increment of one fifth of the amount.

14. He will not marry a woman who has been widowed or divorced or profaned by prostitution, but will marry a virgin from his own people:

15. The sacred offerings which the Israelites contribute to the LORD the priests shall not allow to be profaned

15. he must not make his own children profane, for I, Yahweh, have sanctified him." '

16. nor in the eating of the sacred offering shall they bring down guilt that must be punished; it is I, the LORD, who make them sacred."

16. Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

17. The LORD said to Moses,

17. 'Speak to Aaron and say: "None of your descendants, for all time, may come forward to offer the food of his God if he has any infirmity,

18. "Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites, and tell them: When anyone of the house of Israel, or any alien residing in Israel, who wishes to offer a sacrifice, brings a holocaust as a votive offering or as a free-will offering to the LORD,

18. for none may come forward if he has an infirmity, be he blind or lame, disfigured or deformed,

19. if it is to be acceptable, the ox or sheep or goat that he offers must be an unblemished male.

19. or with an injured foot or arm,

20. You shall not offer one that has any defect, for such a one would not be acceptable for you.

20. a hunchback, someone with rickets or ophthalmia or the scab or running sores, or a eunuch.

21. When anyone presents a peace offering to the LORD from the herd or the flock in fulfillment of a vow, or as a free-will offering, if it is to find acceptance, it must be unblemished; it shall not have any defect.

21. No descendant of the priest Aaron may come forward to offer the food burnt for Yahweh if he has any infirmity; if he has an infirmity, he will not come forward to offer the food of his God.

22. One that is blind or crippled or maimed, or one that has a running sore or mange or ringworm, you shall not offer to the LORD; do not put such an animal on the altar as an oblation to the LORD.

22. "He may eat the food of his God, things especially holy and things holy,

23. An ox or a sheep that is in any way ill-proportioned or stunted you may indeed present as a free-will offering, but it will not be acceptable as a votive offering.

23. but he will not go near the curtain or approach the altar, since he has an infirmity and must not profane my holy things; for I, Yahweh, have sanctified them." '

24. One that has its testicles bruised or crushed or torn out or cut off you shall not offer to the LORD. You shall neither do this in your own land

24. And Moses promulgated this to Aaron, to his sons, and to all the Israelites.

25. nor receive from a foreigner any such animals to offer up as the food of your God; since they are deformed or defective, they will not be acceptable for you."

25.

26. The LORD said to Moses,

26.

27. "When an ox or a lamb or a goat is born, it shall remain with its mother for seven days; only from the eighth day onward will it be acceptable, to be offered as an oblation to the LORD.

27.

28. You shall not slaughter an ox or a sheep on one and the same day with its young.

28.

29. Whenever you offer a thanksgiving sacrifice to the LORD, so offer it that it may be acceptable for you;

29.

30. it must, therefore, be eaten on the same day; none of it shall be left over until the next day. I am the LORD.

30.

31. "Be careful to observe the commandments which I, the LORD, give you,

31.

32. and do not profane my holy name; in the midst of the Israelites I, the LORD, must be held as sacred. It is I who made you sacred

32.

33. and led you out of the land of Egypt, that I, the LORD, might be your God."

33.



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21:1-4 - Dio stabilisce standard di purezza per i sacerdoti, proibendo loro di contaminarsi con i defunti, se non tramite parenti stretti. Questo sottolinea la santità che dovrebbe caratterizzare la vita dei sacerdoti, riflettendo il loro ruolo di intercessori tra Dio e il popolo (vedi anche Numeri 6:6-7 ed Ezechiele 44:25).

21:5-6 - Ai sacerdoti viene ordinato di evitare pratiche pagane come radersi la testa o incidersi il corpo, comuni pratiche di lutto. Questo sottolinea la separazione tra i figli d'Israele e le nazioni pagane e la necessità di santità per coloro che servono Dio (vedi anche Deuteronomio 14:1-2).

21:7-9 - Dio proibisce ai sacerdoti di sposare donne disonorevoli, come prostitute o divorziate, per preservare la santità dell'ufficio sacerdotale e mantenere la purezza del servizio di Dio (vedere anche 1 Timoteo 3:2 e Tito 1:6).

21:10-12 - Il sommo sacerdote ha ancora più restrizioni, come il divieto di strapparsi le vesti o di uscire dal santuario, anche in caso di morte di familiari stretti. Questo sottolinea l'alta responsabilità spirituale e la santità che devono essere mantenute (vedi anche Ebrei 7:26 e Matteo 26:65).

21:16-23 - Ai sacerdoti con difetti fisici è proibito offrire sacrifici, a simboleggiare che santità e perfezione erano necessarie per servire direttamente Dio. Ciò prefigura il perfetto sommo sacerdote, Gesù Cristo (vedere anche Ebrei 4:14-15 e Malachia 1:8).

Versi relativi a Leviticus, 21:

Levitico capitolo 21 delinea regole speciali per i sacerdoti. Quali standard elevati richiede Dio ai Suoi ministri? Questo testo specifico affronta la purezza personale, le restrizioni coniugali e le qualifiche fisiche per il servizio sacerdotale. Il capitolo sottolinea la santità necessaria per coloro che si avvicinano a Dio a nome del popolo. Queste leggi riflettono l'onore dell'ufficio sacerdotale e indicano il perfetto sacerdozio di Cristo. Indaga con noi cinque passaggi biblici che rivelano la rilevanza di questi principi per i leader spirituali oggi.

Ezechiele 44:22: "Non sposeranno vedove o divorziate, ma solo ragazze vergini della discendenza della nazione d'Israele o vedove di sacerdoti." - Questo versetto riflette le leggi sul matrimonio per i sacerdoti stabilite in Levitico 21, mostrando la loro continuità nella visione di Ezechiele per il futuro tempio.

1 Pietro 2:9: "Ma voi siete una generazione eletta, un sacerdozio regale, una nazione santa, il popolo di Dio, per proclamare le lodi di colui che vi ha chiamato dalle tenebre alla sua luce meravigliosa." - Pietro applica il linguaggio della santità sacerdotale di Levitico 21 a tutti i credenti, ampliando il concetto di sacerdozio.

Malachia 2:7: "Poiché le labbra del sacerdote devono custodire la scienza, e dalla sua bocca tutti si aspettano l'istruzione, perché egli è il messaggero del Signore degli eserciti." - Questo versetto fa eco alla responsabilità dei sacerdoti di mantenere la santità e insegnare la legge, come esposto in Levitico 21.

Ebrei 7:26: "È di un sommo sacerdote così che abbiamo bisogno: santo, irreprensibile, puro, separato dai peccatori, esaltato sopra i cieli." - L'autore della Lettera agli Ebrei usa il linguaggio della santità sacerdotale di Levitico 21 per descrivere Gesù come il perfetto sommo sacerdote.

Tito 1:7-9: "Il vescovo deve essere irreprensibile, in quanto amministratore di Dio; non arrogante, non litigioso, non amante del vino, non violento, non avido di guadagno disonesto. Al contrario, deve essere ospitale, amico del bene, sensato, giusto, consacrato, dominarsi e attenersi saldamente al messaggio fedele, secondo l'insegnamento, affinché possa incoraggiare gli altri mediante la sana dottrina. e confutare coloro che si oppongono." - Paolo applica principi simili a quelli contenuti in Levitico 21 ai leader della chiesa, adattando il concetto di santità sacerdotale al contesto cristiano.

FAQ:

Quali sono i requisiti di purezza per i sacerdoti in Levitico 21?

I sacerdoti devono evitare il contatto con i cadaveri e mantenere la purezza morale, poiché sono responsabili della presentazione delle offerte sacre al Signore. (Levitico 21:1-9)

Perché in Levitico 21 ai sacerdoti con difetti fisici non era permesso offrire sacrifici?

Ai sacerdoti con difetti fisici era proibito offrire sacrifici per preservare la santità e la perfezione richieste per il servizio davanti a Dio. (Levitico 21:16-23)

In che modo Levitico 21 affronta il tema del matrimonio dei sacerdoti?

I sacerdoti non potevano sposare prostitute o donne divorziate, mantenendo la purezza morale e spirituale nelle loro famiglie. (Levitico 21:7, 13-15)

Quanto era importante la santità dei sacerdoti in Levitico 21?

La santità dei sacerdoti era fondamentale, poiché rappresentavano il popolo davanti a Dio e offrivano sacrifici espiatori. (Levitico 21:6-8)

Cosa insegna Levitico 21 sul ruolo dei sacerdoti?

Levitico 21 insegna che i sacerdoti dovevano mantenere una purezza esemplare, sia fisica che spirituale, per poter servire Dio. (Levitico 21:1-24)


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