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Deuteronomy, 15

1. "At the end of every seven-year period you shall have a relaxation of debts,

1. 'At the end of every seven years, you must grant remission.

2. which shall be observed as follows. Every creditor shall relax his claim on what he has loaned his neighbor; he must not press his neighbor, his kinsman, because a relaxation in honor of the LORD has been proclaimed.

2. The nature of the remission is as follows: any creditor holding a personal pledge obtained from his fellow must release him from it; he must not exploit his fellow or his brother once the latter has appealed to Yahweh for remission.

3. You may press a foreigner, but you shall relax the claim on your kinsman for what is yours.

3. A foreigner you may exploit, but you must remit whatever claim you have on your brother.

4. Nay, more! since the LORD, your God, will bless you abundantly in the land he will give you to occupy as your heritage, there should be no one of you in need.

4. There must, then, be no poor among you. For Yahweh will grant you his blessing in the country which Yahweh your God is giving you to possess as your heritage,

5. If you but heed the voice of the LORD, your God, and carefully observe all these commandments which I enjoin on you today,

5. only if you pay careful attention to the voice of Yahweh your God, by keeping and practising all these commandments which I am enjoining on you today.

6. you will lend to many nations, and borrow from none; you will rule over many nations, and none will rule over you, since the LORD, your God, will bless you as he promised.

6. If Yahweh your God blesses you as he has promised, you will be creditors to many nations but debtors to none; you will rule over many nations, and be ruled by none.

7. If one of your kinsmen in any community is in need in the land which the LORD, your God, is giving you, you shall not harden your heart nor close your hand to him in his need.

7. 'Is there anyone poor among you, one of your brothers, in any town of yours in the country which Yahweh your God is giving you? Do not harden your heart or close your hand against that poor brother of yours,

8. Instead, you shall open your hand to him and freely lend him enough to meet his need.

8. but be open handed with him and lend him enough for his needs.

9. Be on your guard lest, entertaining the mean thought that the seventh year, the year of relaxation, is near, you grudge help to your needy kinsman and give him nothing; else he will cry to the LORD against you and you will be held guilty.

9. Do not allow this mean thought in your heart, "The seventh year, the year of remission, is near," and scowl at your poor brother and give him nothing; he could appeal against you to Yahweh, and you would incur guilt!

10. When you give to him, give freely and not with ill will; for the LORD, your God, will bless you for this in all your works and undertakings.

10. When you give to him, you must give with an open heart; for this, Yahweh your God will bless you in all your actions and in all your undertakings.

11. The needy will never be lacking in the land; that is why I command you to open your hand to your poor and needy kinsman in your country.

11. Of course, there will never cease to be poor people in the country, and that is why I am giving you this command: Always be open handed with your brother, and with anyone in your country who is in need and poor.

12. "If your kinsman, a Hebrew man or woman, sells himself to you, he is to serve you for six years, but in the seventh year you shall dismiss him from your service, a free man.

12. 'If your fellow Hebrew, man or woman, sells himself to you, he can serve you for six years. In the seventh year you must set him free,

13. When you do so, you shall not send him away empty-handed,

13. and in setting him free you must not let him go empty handed.

14. but shall weight him down with gifts from your flock and threshing floor and wine press, in proportion to the blessing the LORD, your God, has bestowed on you.

14. By way of present, you will load his shoulders with things from your flock, from your threshing-floor and from your winepress; as Yahweh your God has blessed you, so you must give to him.

15. For remember that you too were once slaves in the land of Egypt, and the LORD, your God, ransomed you. That is why I am giving you this command today.

15. Remember that you were once a slave in Egypt and that Yahweh your God redeemed you; that is why I am giving you this order today.

16. If, however, he tells you that he does not wish to leave you, because he is devoted to you and your household, since he fares well with you,

16. 'But if he says to you, "I do not want to leave you," because he loves you and your household and is happy with you,

17. you shall take an awl and thrust it through his ear into the door, and he shall then be your slave forever. Your female slave, also, you shall treat in the same way.

17. you must take an awl and drive it through his ear into the door and he will be your servant for ever. You must do the same to a female slave.

18. You must not be reluctant to let your slave go free, since the service he has given you for six years was worth twice a hired man's salary; then also the LORD, your God, will bless you in everything you do.

18. 'Do not think it hard on you to have to give him his freedom; he is worth twice what a paid servant would cost you, and has served you for six years. And Yahweh your God will bless you in everything you do.

19. "You shall consecrate to the LORD, your God, all the male firstlings of your herd and of your flock. You shall not work the firstlings of your cattle, nor shear the firstlings of your flock.

19. 'You must consecrate every first-born male from your herd and flock to Yahweh your God. You must not put the first-born of your herd to work, or shear the first-born of your flock.

20. Year after year you and your family shall eat them before the LORD, your God, in the place he chooses.

20. You must eat it, you and your household, each year, in the presence of Yahweh your God, in the place which Yahweh chooses.

21. If, however, a firstling is lame or blind or has any other serious defect, you shall not sacrifice it to the LORD, your God,

21. If it has any defect, if it is lame or blind -- any serious defect -- you must not sacrifice it to Yahweh your God.

22. but in your own communities you may eat it, the unclean and the clean eating it alike, as you would a gazelle or a deer.

22. You will eat it at home, unclean and clean together, as you would gazelle or deer;

23. Only, you shall not partake of its blood, which must be poured out on the ground like water.

23. only, you will not eat its blood, but pour that like water on the ground.'



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15:1-2 - La remissione dei debiti ogni sette anni riflette la grazia e la misericordia di Dio. Questa pratica mira a mantenere la giustizia sociale e la solidarietà tra i membri della comunità (vedi anche Levitico 25:10 e Luca 4:18-19).

15:7-11 - L'invito alla generosità verso i poveri sottolinea l'importanza della compassione e della responsabilità sociale. Il popolo di Dio è chiamato a prendersi cura di chi è nel bisogno, riflettendo il carattere di Dio (vedi anche Proverbi 19:17 e Giacomo 2:15-16).

15:12-18 - La liberazione dei servi ebrei dopo sei anni di servizio è un esempio di giustizia e restaurazione. Sottolinea la dignità della persona umana e il bisogno di libertà in Dio (vedi anche Esodo 21:2 e Galati 5:1).

Versi relativi a Deuteronomy, 15:

Il capitolo 15 di Deuteronomio promuove la giustizia sociale. In che modo la legge di Dio protegge i vulnerabili? Questo testo cruciale stabilisce l'anno di remissione del debito, regola la liberazione degli schiavi e esorta alla generosità verso i poveri. Il capitolo enfatizza la compassione, la responsabilità sociale e la fiducia nella provvidenza divina. Deuteronomio 15 stabilisce un modello di società giusta e misericordiosa. Consideriamo con noi cinque passaggi biblici che chiariscono i principi duraturi di questo capitolo trasformativo.

2 Corinzi 8:13-15: "Ciò che vogliamo è che ci sia uguaglianza. Per ora, la tua abbondanza soddisferà il loro bisogno, così che, a sua volta, la loro abbondanza soddisferà il tuo bisogno. Allora ci sarà uguaglianza, come è scritto: 'Chi ha raccolto molto non ha avuto di troppo, e chi ha raccolto poco non ha mancato'." - Paolo applica alla chiesa il principio della cura dei poveri contenuto in Deuteronomio 15.

Matteo 5:42: "Dona a chi ti chiede e non voltare le spalle a chi vuole da te qualcosa in prestito." - Gesù fa eco al comando di Deuteronomio 15 di essere generoso verso chi è nel bisogno.

Galati 2:10: "Ci hanno semplicemente chiesto di ricordare i poveri, cosa che ho cercato di fare con tutte le mie forze." - Gli apostoli mantengono l'attenzione sulla cura dei poveri, un tema centrale in Deuteronomio 15.

Giacomo 2:15-16: "Se un fratello o una sorella hanno bisogno del vestito e del cibo quotidiano e uno di voi gli dice: 'Va' in pace, scaldati e nutriti finché sei sazio', ma senza dargli nulla, che senso ha?" - Giacomo applica il principio della cura dei poveri contenuto in Deuteronomio 15 alla pratica vita cristiana.

Luca 4:18-19: "Lo Spirito del Signore è su di me, perché mi ha unto per annunziare ai poveri il lieto messaggio. Mi ha mandato a proclamare la liberazione dei prigionieri e il recupero della vista ai ciechi, a rimettere in libertà gli oppressi e a proclamare l'anno di grazia del Signore." - Gesù cita Isaia, che riecheggia temi di Deuteronomio 15 sulla libertà dai debiti e sulla cura dei poveri.

FAQ:

Cosa doveva accadere durante l'anno sabbatico in Deuteronomio 15?

Durante l’anno sabbatico, tutti i debiti dovevano essere cancellati, garantendo sollievo economico e rinnovamento al popolo di Dio. (Deuteronomio 15:1-2)

Come dovevano trattare i poveri gli Israeliti?

Gli Israeliti dovevano aprire generosamente le mani ai poveri e ai bisognosi, senza indurire il cuore, soprattutto durante l'anno sabbatico. (Deuteronomio 15:7-8)

Cosa si doveva fare degli schiavi ebrei dopo sei anni di servizio?

Dopo sei anni di servizio, gli schiavi ebrei dovevano essere liberati, con la possibilità di un nuovo inizio di libertà. (Deuteronomio 15:12-14)

Qual è il significato dell'anno sabbatico per la comunità israelita?

L'anno sabbatico promuove la giustizia sociale, la solidarietà e il rinnovamento economico, rafforzando la dipendenza da Dio e l'uguaglianza tra le persone. (Deuteronomio 15:1-11)

In che modo l'anno sabbatico riflette il carattere di Dio?

L'anno sabbatico riflette il carattere compassionevole di Dio, che desidera giustizia, cura per i poveri e riposo per tutti. (Deuteronomio 15:1-11)


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