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Leviticus, 16

1. And the LORD spake unto Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they offered before the LORD, and died;

1. Yahweh spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron who died when they approached the presence of Yahweh.

2. And the LORD said unto Moses, Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come not at all times into the holy [place] within the vail before the mercy seat, which [is] upon the ark; that he die not: for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat.

2. Yahweh said to Moses, "Tell your brother, Aaron, not to enter at any time he pleases the Most Holy Place inside the veil, before the mercy Seat which is on the ark, lest he die, for I appear in the cloud over the mercy Seat.

3. Thus shall Aaron come into the holy [place]: with a young bullock for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering.

3. This is how Aaron will enter the Holy Place with a bullock for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.

4. He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these [are] holy garments; therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and [so] put them on.

4. He is to put on the sacred linen tunic and linen undergarments next to his body; he is to have the linen sash around him and wear the linen turban. These are sacred garments, so he must bathe in water before he puts them on.

5. And he shall take of the congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.

5. The assembly of the sons of Israel has to give him two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering.

6. And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which [is] for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for his house.

6. Then Aaron shall offer the bullock for a sin offering for himself to make atonement for himself and for his household.

7. And he shall take the two goats, and present them before the LORD [at] the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.

7. He shall take the two male goats and present them to Yahweh at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.

8. And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat.

8. He is to cast lots for the two goats, one lot for Yahweh and one lot for Azazel.

9. And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the LORD'S lot fell, and offer him [for] a sin offering.

9. Aaron shall offer the goat on which the lot fell for Yahweh as a sin offering.

10. But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make an atonement with him, [and] to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness.

10. But the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel will be placed alive before Yahweh to make atonement by being sent into the wilderness as a scapegoat.

11. And Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin offering, which [is] for himself, and shall make an atonement for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bullock of the sin offering which [is] for himself:

11. Aaron will then bring the bullock as a sin offering for himself to make atonement for himself and his household and he shall slaughter the bullock for the sin offering which is for himself.

12. And he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small, and bring [it] within the vail:

12. Then he shall take a censer full of coals from the fire above the altar before Yahweh and two handfuls of powdered, fragrant incense and take them inside the veil.

13. And he shall put the incense upon the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that [is] upon the testimony, that he die not:

13. He shall put the incense on the fire before Yahweh and the cloud of incense will cover the mercy Seat that is on the ark of the Statement, so that he will not die.

14. And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle [it] with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times.

14. He will take the blood of the bullock and sprinkle it with his finger on the mercy Seat to the east and also in front of the mercy Seat he shall sprinkle blood seven times.

15. Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that [is] for the people, and bring his blood within the vail, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat:

15. Then he shall slay the goat for the sin offering of the people and take its blood inside the veil and do with its blood what he did with the blood of the bullock. He shall sprinkle it on the mercy Seat and in front of it.

16. And he shall make an atonement for the holy [place], because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions in all their sins: and so shall he do for the tabernacle of the congregation, that remaineth among them in the midst of their uncleanness.

16. In this way he shall make atonement for the Holy Place because of the uncleanness of the Israelites and because of all their sins. And he shall do the same for the Tent of Meeting which stands among them in the midst of all their uncleanness.

17. And there shall be no man in the tabernacle of the congregation when he goeth in to make an atonement in the holy [place], until he come out, and have made an atonement for himself, and for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel.

17. No one shall be in the Tent of Meeting from the time Aaron goes to make atonement until he comes out. After he has made atonement for himself, for his household and for the whole assembly of Israel,

18. And he shall go out unto the altar that [is] before the LORD, and make an atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bullock, and of the blood of the goat, and put [it] upon the horns of the altar round about.

18. he shall go out to the altar before Yahweh and make atonement for it. Then he shall take some of the bullock's blood and some of the goat's blood and put it on the horns of the altar on all sides.

19. And he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel.

19. He shall sprinkle it with blood seven times, and cleanse it and consecrate it from the uncleanness of the Israelites.

20. And when he hath made an end of reconciling the holy [place], and the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar, he shall bring the live goat:

20. When he has finished making atonement for the Holy Place, for the Tent of Meeting and for the altar, he shall bring forward the live goat.

21. And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat, and shall send [him] away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness:

21. He shall lay his hands on the head of the goat and confess over it all the wickedness of the sons of Israel and all the sins they have committed against me. So he will charge them on the head of the goat and the wickedness of the sons of Israel and all the sins they have committed against me. So he will charge them on the head of the goat and send it away to the wilderness by the hand of an assistant.

22. And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness.

22. So the goat will carry away all their wickedness to an arid land, when the man releases it in the wilderness.

23. And Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the holy [place], and shall leave them there:

23. Then Aaron is to go into the Tent of Meeting and take off the linen garments he had put on before he entered the sacred place. He shall leave them there,

24. And he shall wash his flesh with water in the holy place, and put on his garments, and come forth, and offer his burnt offering, and the burnt offering of the people, and make an atonement for himself, and for the people.

24. bathe himself with water in a sacred place and put on his clothes. After that he will come out and sacrifice the burnt offering for himself and the burnt offering for the people to make atonement for himself and the people.

25. And the fat of the sin offering shall he burn upon the altar.

25. The fat of the sin offering he shall burn on the altar.

26. And he that let go the goat for the scapegoat shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward come into the camp.

26. The man who releases the scapegoat shall wash his clothes and bathe himself with water, after which he may re-enter the camp.

27. And the bullock [for] the sin offering, and the goat [for] the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy [place], shall [one] carry forth without the camp; and they shall burn in the fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung.

27. The bullock of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the Holy Place, shall be brought outside the camp and they shall burn their hides, their flesh and their dung in the fire.

28. And he that burneth them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he shall come into the camp.

28. The one who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe himself in water, after which he may re-enter the camp.

29. And [this] shall be a statute for ever unto you: [that] in the seventh month, on the tenth [day] of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, [whether it be] one of your own country, or a stranger that sojourneth among you:

29. This shall be a lasting ordinance for you: on the tenth day of the seventh month you must deny yourselves and do no work - neither the native nor the stranger living among you -

30. For on that day shall [the priest] make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, [that] ye may be clean from all your sins before the LORD.

30. for on this day atonement will be made for you to cleanse you. You shall be cleansed of your sins before Yahweh.

31. It [shall be] a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls, by a statute for ever.

31. It is a sabbath of solemn rest when you must deny yourselves. It is a lasting ordinance.

32. And the priest, whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall consecrate to minister in the priest's office in his father's stead, shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen clothes, [even] the holy garments:

32. The priest who is anointed and ordained to succeed his father will make atonement. He shall put on the linen garments, the holy garments,

33. And he shall make an atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make an atonement for the tabernacle of the congregation, and for the altar, and he shall make an atonement for the priests, and for all the people of the congregation.

33. and will make atonement for the Holy Place, for the Tent of Meeting and for the altar. He shall also make atonement for the priests and all the people of the assembly.

34. And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make an atonement for the children of Israel for all their sins once a year. And he did as the LORD commanded Moses.

34. This shall be for you a lasting ordinance to make atonement for the people of Israel once a year, because of all their sins." And Moses did as Yahweh commanded him.



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Notes de bas de page:

16:1-4 - The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) is established as the annual time when the high priest makes atonement for the sins of all the people. This event symbolizes God's mercy and the need for reconciliation (see also Hebrews 9:7 and Romans 3:25).

16:5-10 - The ritual of the two goats, where one was sacrificed and the other, the "scapegoat," was sent into the wilderness, illustrates the removal of sin and atonement by substitutionary sacrifice (see also Isaiah 53:4-6 and John 1:29).

16:11-14 - The high priest offered a sacrifice for himself before atoning for the sins of the people, showing that even spiritual leaders need purification. This highlights the universal need for God's grace (see also Hebrews 5:3 and Leviticus 9:7).

16:15-19 - The blood of the sacrifice was sprinkled on the mercy seat in the Most Holy Place, representing the atonement and the restoration of the relationship between God and His people (see also Romans 5:9 and Hebrews 9:22).

16:29-34 - The Day of Atonement was a perpetual statute for the people of Israel, annually reminding them of their need for purification and reconciliation with God. This prefigures Christ's final sacrifice, which removed sin once and for all (see also Hebrews 9:24-26 and 1 John 2:1-2).

Versets liés à Leviticus, 16:

Leviticus chapter 16 establishes the Day of Atonement. How did Israel obtain annual forgiveness? This crucial text details the complex rituals performed by the high priest, including the sin sacrifice and the scapegoat. The chapter reveals the path to reconciliation with God, highlighting the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement. These ceremonies prefigure Christ's final sacrifice. Consider with us five biblical passages that deepen our understanding of this holy day and its fulfillment in Jesus.

Hebrews 9:7: "But, in the second, only the high priest entered, once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins that the people had committed through ignorance." - This verse directly refers to the Day of Atonement practices described in Leviticus 16, interpreting them in the light of Christ.

Hebrews 10:1-4: "The law is only a shadow of future goods, not the reality of those goods. Therefore she can never, through the same sacrifices repeated year after year, perfect those who come to worship. [...] because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins." - This passage interprets the rituals of Leviticus 16 as prefigurations of Christ's sacrifice.

Romans 3:25: "God offered him as a sacrifice for propitiation through faith, through his blood, demonstrating his righteousness. In his tolerance, he had left the sins previously committed unpunished;" - Paul uses the concept of propitiation, central to Leviticus 16, to explain the meaning of Christ's death.

1 John 2:2: "He is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world." - John applies the concept of propitiation from Leviticus 16 to Christ, expanding its reach to the entire world.

Matthew 27:51: "At that moment, the veil of the sanctuary was torn in two, from top to bottom. The earth shook, and the rocks split." - This event during Jesus' crucifixion is seen as the fulfillment of the symbolism of the Day of Atonement in Leviticus 16.

FAQ:

What is the purpose of the Day of Atonement in Leviticus 16?

The Day of Atonement serves to cleanse the people of Israel from all their sins, allowing them to maintain a holy relationship with God. The high priest makes sacrifices on behalf of the nation. (Leviticus 16:29-34)

What happens to the scapegoat on the Day of Atonement?

The scapegoat is sent into the wilderness, symbolically carrying away the sins of the people of Israel, removing their guilt before God. (Leviticus 16:21-22)

Why did Aaron have to make atonement for himself before making atonement for the people?

Aaron, as high priest, needed to be purified first, for he too was a sinner. Only after his purification could he intercede for the people. (Leviticus 16:6, 11)

How was atonement accomplished through the Sanctuary?

The high priest sprinkled blood on the mercy seat, the most sacred place in the tabernacle, to cleanse the Sanctuary from the impurities of the Israelites. (Leviticus 16:15-16)

What is the significance of fasting on the Day of Atonement?

Fasting symbolizes repentance and humiliation before God. It is an act of penance and reflection on sins that need to be atoned for. (Leviticus 16:29-31)


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