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Deuteronomy, 18

1. "The whole priestly tribe of Levi shall have no share in the heritage with Israel; they shall live on the oblations of the LORD and the portions due to him.

1. 'The levitical priests, the whole tribe of Levi will be without share or heritage of their own in Israel; they will live on the foods offered to Yahweh and on his heritage.

2. Levi shall have no heritage among his brothers; the LORD himself is his heritage, as he has told him.

2. Levi will have no heritage of his own among his brothers; Yahweh will be his heritage, as he has promised him.

3. The priests shall have a right to the following things from the people: from those who are offering a sacrifice, whether the victim is from the herd or from the flock, the priest shall receive the shoulder, the jowls and the stomach.

3. 'This is what is due to the priests from the people, from those who offer an ox or a sheep in sacrifice: the priest must be given the shoulder, the cheeks and the stomach.

4. You shall also give him the first fruits of your grain and wine and oil, as well as the first fruits of the shearing of your flock;

4. You must give him the first-fruits of your wheat, of your new wine and of your oil, as well as the first-fruits of your sheep-shearing.

5. for the LORD, your God, has chosen him and his sons out of all your tribes to be always in attendance to minister in the name of the LORD.

5. For Yahweh your God has chosen him from all your tribes to stand before Yahweh your God, to do the duties of the sacred ministry, and to bless in Yahweh's name -- him and his sons for all time.

6. "When a Levite goes from one of your communities anywhere in Israel in which he ordinarily resides, to visit, as his heart may desire, the place which the LORD chooses,

6. 'If a Levite living in one of your towns anywhere in Israel decides to move to the place chosen by Yahweh,

7. he may minister there in the name of the LORD, his God, like all his fellow Levites who are in attendance there before the LORD.

7. he shall minister there in the name of Yahweh his God like all his fellow Levites who stand ministering there in the presence of Yahweh,

8. He shall then receive the same portions to eat as the rest, along with his monetary offerings and heirlooms.

8. eating equal shares with them -- what he has from the sale of his patrimony notwithstanding.

9. "When you come into the land which the LORD, your God, is giving you, you shall not learn to imitate the abominations of the peoples there.

9. 'When you have entered the country given you by Yahweh your God, you must not learn to imitate the detestable practices of the nations there already.

10. Let there not be found among you anyone who immolates his son or daughter in the fire, nor a fortune-teller, soothsayer, charmer, diviner,

10. There must never be anyone among you who makes his son or daughter pass through the fire of sacrifice, who practises divination, who is soothsayer, augur or sorcerer,

11. or caster of spells, nor one who consults ghosts and spirits or seeks oracles from the dead.

11. weaver of spells, consulter of ghosts or mediums, or necromancer.

12. Anyone who does such things is an abomination to the LORD, and because of such abominations the LORD, your God, is driving these nations out of your way.

12. For anyone who does these things is detestable to Yahweh your God; it is because of these detestable practices that Yahweh your God is driving out these nations before you.

13. You, however, must be altogether sincere toward the LORD, your God.

13. 'You must be faultless in your relationship with Yahweh your God.

14. Though these nations whom you are to dispossess listen to their soothsayers and fortune-tellers, the LORD, your God, will not permit you to do so.

14. For these nations whom you are going to dispossess have listened to soothsayers and mediums, but Yahweh your God does not permit you to do this. From among yourselves, from among your own brothers,

15. "A prophet like me will the LORD, your God, raise up for you from among your own kinsmen; to him you shall listen.

15. Yahweh your God will raise up a prophet like me; you will listen to him.

16. This is exactly what you requested of the LORD, your God, at Horeb on the day of the assembly, when you said, 'Let us not again hear the voice of the LORD, our God, nor see this great fire any more, lest we die.'

16. This is exactly what you asked Yahweh your God to do -- at Horeb, on the day of the Assembly, when you said, "Never let me hear the voice of Yahweh my God or see this great fire again, or I shall die."

17. And the LORD said to me, 'This was well said.

17. Then Yahweh said to me,

18. I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their kinsmen, and will put my words into his mouth; he shall tell them all that I command him.

18. "What they have said is well said. From their own brothers I shall raise up a prophet like yourself;

19. If any man will not listen to my words which he speaks in my name, I myself will make him answer for it.

19. I shall put my words into his mouth and he will tell them everything I command him. Anyone who refuses to listen to my words, spoken by him in my name, will have to render an account to me.

20. But if a prophet presumes to speak in my name an oracle that I have not commanded him to speak, or speaks in the name of other gods, he shall die.'

20. But the prophet who presumes to say something in my name which I have not commanded him to say, or who speaks in the name of other gods, that prophet must die."

21. "If you say to yourselves, 'How can we recognize an oracle which the LORD has spoken?',

21. 'You may be privately wondering, "How are we to tell that a prophecy does not come from Yahweh?"

22. know that, even though a prophet speaks in the name of the LORD, if his oracle is not fulfilled or verified, it is an oracle which the LORD did not speak. The prophet has spoken it presumptuously, and you shall have no fear of him.

22. When a prophet speaks in the name of Yahweh and the thing does not happen and the word is not fulfilled, then it has not been said by Yahweh. The prophet has spoken presumptuously. You have nothing to fear from him.'



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Notas al pie:

18:1-2 - Los sacerdotes y levitas son destacados como representantes de Dios entre el pueblo, lo que enfatiza la importancia del servicio religioso y el apoyo de los líderes espirituales. Su apoyo se considera parte del cuidado de Dios por su pueblo (véanse también Números 18:20-24 y Hebreos 7:12).

18:9-14 - Las prohibiciones contra las prácticas paganas enfatizan la necesidad de pureza espiritual y la separación del pueblo de Dios de las costumbres impías. La obediencia a estas normas es esencial para mantener una relación correcta con Dios (véanse también Levítico 20:23 y 1 Corintios 10:21).

18:15-19 - La promesa de un profeta como Moisés señala la venida de Jesucristo, quien cumple esta profecía como el Mediador definitivo entre Dios y la humanidad. Esta expectativa es fundamental tanto para la fe judía como para la cristiana (véanse también Hechos 3:22-23 y Juan 1:45).

18:20-22 - Se enfatiza la importancia de discernir entre profetas verdaderos y falsos, mostrando que la autenticidad del mensaje debe ser comprobada. Esto resalta la responsabilidad del pueblo de escuchar la voz de Dios y seguir la verdad (véase también 1 Juan 4:1 y Mateo 7:15).

18:3-4 - Se menciona la porción dada a los sacerdotes y levitas, reforzando la idea de que quienes sirven a Dios deben ser sostenidos por el pueblo, reflejando el principio de que el trabajo en el ministerio debe ser valorado (ver también 1 Timoteo 5:17-18 y Gálatas 6:6).

Versos relacionados con Deuteronomy, 18:

El capítulo 18 de Deuteronomio aborda el apoyo de los líderes espirituales y la verdadera profecía. ¿Cómo provee Dios para los levitas y los profetas? Este texto crucial detalla las disposiciones para los sacerdotes y levitas, enfatizando su papel sagrado. El capítulo también proporciona pautas para discernir a los verdaderos profetas, incluida la promesa de un profeta como Moisés. Deuteronomio 18 equilibra el mantenimiento del ministerio con la protección contra profecías falsas y establece estándares para el liderazgo espiritual. Considere con nosotros cinco pasajes bíblicos que iluminan los principios perdurables de este capítulo fundamental.

Hechos 3:22-23: "Porque Moisés dijo: 'El Señor Dios les levantará un profeta como yo de entre sus hermanos; escúchalo en todo lo que te diga. Quien no escuche a este profeta será eliminado de entre su pueblo”." - Pedro cita Deuteronomio 18:15,18-19 y aplica esta profecía a Jesús, identificándolo como el profeta prometido.

1 Samuel 28:7-8: "Entonces Saúl ordenó a sus ayudantes: 'Busquen una mujer que invoque a los espíritus, para poder consultarla'. Ellos respondieron: "Hay uno en En-dor". Saúl se disfrazó, se puso otras ropas y fue de noche con dos hombres a casa de la mujer. Le dijo: 'Consulta por mí un espíritu, evoca el que pido'." - Este pasaje muestra la violación de la prohibición de Deuteronomio 18:10-11 contra la práctica de la nigromancia.

Jeremías 14:14: "Entonces el Señor me dijo: 'Los profetas profetizan mentira en mi nombre. Yo no los envié, ni les di órdenes, ni les hablé. Os profetizan visiones falsas, adivinaciones inútiles y engaños de vuestra propia mente.'" - Este versículo refleja la advertencia de Deuteronomio 18:20-22 contra los falsos profetas.

1 Corintios 9:13-14: "¿No sabéis que los que trabajan en el templo se alimentan de las cosas del templo, y que los que sirven delante del altar participan de lo que se ofrece en el altar? De la misma manera el Señor ordenó a los que predican el evangelio que vivan según el evangelio." - Pablo hace referencia a la provisión para los levitas en Deuteronomio 18:1-8, aplicando el principio a los ministros del evangelio.

Hebreos 2:17: "Por eso era necesario que fuera semejante a sus hermanos en todo, para llegar a ser un sumo sacerdote misericordioso y fiel para con Dios y hacer propiciación por los pecados del pueblo." - Este versículo alude a la promesa de un profeta "de entre sus hermanos" en Deuteronomio 18:15, aplicándola a Jesús como sumo sacerdote.

FAQ:

¿Quiénes eran los levitas y cuál era su papel en Deuteronomio 18?

Los levitas eran los sacerdotes de Israel, y su heredad era servir al Señor. No tenían tierra, pues Dios era su porción. (Deuteronomio 18:1-2)

¿Cuál es el papel del profeta prometido por Dios en Deuteronomio 18?

Dios prometió suscitar un profeta como Moisés para guiar a Israel, y el pueblo debía escucharlo, pues hablaría en nombre de Dios. (Deuteronomio 18:15-19)

¿Qué prohíbe Dios con respecto a la brujería en Deuteronomio 18?

Dios prohíbe prácticas como la brujería, la adivinación y la consulta a espíritus, pues son abominaciones. El pueblo debe confiar solo en Dios. (Deuteronomio 18:10-12)

¿Cómo debía Israel identificar a los falsos profetas en Deuteronomio 18?

Un profeta es falso si sus profecías no se cumplen o si induce a la gente a adorar a otros dioses. No hay que temer a un profeta así. (Deuteronomio 18:20-22)

¿Cuál es el papel de los levitas en relación con el pueblo de Israel?

Los levitas debían servir de intermediarios entre Dios y el pueblo, realizando sacrificios y guiando a Israel en la ley divina. Recibían el sustento de las ofrendas del pueblo. (Deuteronomio 18:1-5)


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