1 'These are the laws you must give them:
2 'When you buy a Hebrew slave, his service will last for six years. In the seventh year he will leave a free man without paying compensation.
3 If he came single, he will depart single; if he came married, his wife will depart with him.
4 If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children will belong to her master, and he will depart alone.
5 But if the slave says, "I love my master and my wife and children; I do not wish to be freed,"
6 then his master will bring him before God and then, leading him to the door or the doorpost, his master will pierce his ear with an awl, and the slave will be permanently his.
7 If a man sells his daughter as a slave, she will not leave as male slaves do.
8 If she does not please her master who intended her for himself, he must let her be bought back: he has not the right to sell her to foreigners, for this would be a breach of faith with her.
9 If he intends her for his son, he must treat her as custom requires daughters to be treated.
10 If he takes another wife, he must not reduce the food, clothing or conjugal rights of the first one.
11 Should he deprive her of these three things she will leave a free woman, without paying compensation.
12 'Anyone who by violence causes a death must be put to death.
13 If, however, he has not planned to do it but it comes from God by his hand, he can take refuge in a place which I shall appoint for you.
14 But should any person dare to kill another with deliberate planning, you will take that person even from my altar to be put to death.
15 'Anyone who strikes father or mother will be put to death.
16 Anyone who abducts a person -- whether that person has since been sold or is still held -- will be put to death.
17 Anyone who curses father or mother will be put to death.
18 'If people quarrel and one strikes the other a blow with stone or fist so that the injured party, though not dead, is confined to bed,
19 but later recovers and can go about, even with a stick, the one who struck the blow will have no liability, other than to compensate the injured party for the enforced inactivity and to take care of the injured party until the cure is complete.
20 'If someone beats his slave, male or female, and the slave dies at his hands, he must pay the penalty.
21 But should the slave survive for one or two days, he will pay no penalty because the slave is his by right of purchase.
22 'If people, when brawling, hurt a pregnant woman and she suffers a miscarriage but no further harm is done, the person responsible will pay compensation as fixed by the woman's master, paying as much as the judges decide.
23 If further harm is done, however, you will award life for life,
24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
25 burn for burn, wound for wound, stroke for stroke.
26 'If anyone strikes the eye of his slave, male or female, and destroys the use of it, he will give the slave his freedom to compensate for the eye.
27 If he knocks out the tooth of his slave, male or female, he will give the slave his freedom to compensate for the tooth.
28 'If an ox gores a man or woman to death, the ox will be stoned and its meat will not be eaten, but the owner of the ox will not be liable.
29 But if the ox has been in the habit of goring before, and if its owner has been warned but has not kept it under control, then should this ox kill a man or woman, it will be stoned and its owner put to death.
30 If a ransom is imposed on the owner, he will pay whatever is imposed, to redeem his life.
31 If the ox gores a boy or a girl, it will be treated in accordance with this same rule.
32 If the ox gores a slave, male or female, its owner will pay the price -- thirty shekels -- to their master, and the ox will be stoned.
33 'If anyone leaves a pit uncovered, or digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox, or donkey falls into it,
34 then the owner of the pit will make good the loss by compensating its owner, and the dead animal will be his.
35 If anyone's ox injures anyone else's ox causing its death, the owners will sell and share the money for it; they will also share the dead animal.
36 But if it is common knowledge that the ox has been in the habit of goring before, and its owner has not kept it under control, the owner will repay ox for ox, and will keep the dead animal.
37 'If anyone steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters or sells it, he will pay back five beasts from the herd for the ox, and four animals from the flock for the sheep.'
Versículos relacionados com Exodus, 21:
Exodus 21 is a chapter that presents several laws and regulations for justice and peaceful coexistence among people. Among the topics covered are slavery, liability, death penalty and other relevant legal issues. From this we can find the following related verses:
Proverbs 22:7: "The rich dominates over the poor, and what he borrows is a servant of what he lends." This verse refers to the question of slavery, which is addressed in Exodus 21. In biblical time, slavery was a common practice, but the Bible presents regulations to protect slaves and prevent abuse.
Leviticus 24:17: "And he who kills any man will surely be killed." The death penalty is a theme present in Exodus 21 and in other parts of the Bible. This verse presents the determination that the one who takes away the life of another human being must be punished with death.
Deuteronomy 19:21: "Thou shalt not have mercy; life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand by hand, foot by foot." This verse presents the principle of retributive justice, which is approached in Exodus 21. The idea is that punishment must be proportional to the crime committed, and there should be no excesses or abuse.
Romans 13:1-4: "Every soul is subject to the superior authorities; for there is no authority that does not come from God; and those who exist were ordained by God. Therefore, who resists authority, resists God's ordination; Those who resist will bring about themselves. Because the magistrates are not for fear when good is done, but when you do evil. Do you want to fear authority? This excerpt from the New Testament presents the idea that civilian authorities are instituted by God to maintain order and justice in society. This principle is in line with the regulations presented in Exodus 21.
Luke 6:31: "And as you will want men to make you, so do you." This verse presents the principle of empathy and respect for others, which is one of the foundations of the law presented in Exodus 21. The idea is to treat others with justice and compassion, as we would like to be treated.
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