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Leviticus, 22

1. The LORD said to Moses,

1. Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

2. "Speak to the Israelites and tell them: The following are the festivals of the LORD, my feast days, which you shall celebrate with a sacred assembly.

2. 'Speak to Aaron and his sons. They must be consecrated by the holy offerings of the Israelites and must not profane my holy name; for my sake they must sanctify it; I am Yahweh.

3. "For six days work may be done; but the seventh day is the sabbath rest, a day for sacred assembly, on which you shall do no work. The sabbath shall belong to the LORD wherever you dwell.

3. Say to them: "Any one of your descendants, for all time, who in a state of uncleanness approaches the holy offerings consecrated to Yahweh by the Israelites, will be outlawed from my presence. I am Yahweh.

4. "These, then, are the festivals of the LORD which you shall celebrate at their proper time with a sacred assembly.

4. "Anyone of Aaron's line who is afflicted with a contagious skin-disease or a discharge will not eat holy things until he is clean. Anyone who touches anything made unclean by a dead body, or who has a seminal discharge,

5. The Passover of the LORD falls on the fourteenth day of the first month, at the evening twilight.

5. or who is made unclean by touching any kind of reptile or any one who has contaminated him with his own uncleanness, be it what it may,

6. The fifteenth day of this month is the LORD'S feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.

6. in short, anyone who has had any such contact will be unclean until evening, and must not eat holy things until he has washed his body.

7. On the first of these days you shall hold a sacred assembly and do no sort of work.

7. At sunset he will be clean and may then eat holy things, for these are his food.

8. On each of the seven days you shall offer an oblation to the LORD. Then on the seventh day you shall again hold a sacred assembly and do no sort of work."

8. "He must not eat an animal that has died a natural death or been savaged; he would contract uncleanness from it. I am Yahweh.

9. The LORD said to Moses,

9. "They must keep my rules and not burden themselves with sin. If they profane them, they will incur death; I, Yahweh, have sanctified them.

10. "Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you come into the land which I am giving you, and reap your harvest, you shall bring a sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest,

10. "No lay person may eat anything holy; no guest or employee of a priest may eat anything holy.

11. who shall wave the sheaf before the LORD that it may be acceptable for you. On the day after the sabbath the priest shall do this.

11. But if the priest has acquired a slave by purchase, the slave may eat it like anyone born in his household; they will share his food.

12. On this day, when your sheaf is waved, you shall offer to the LORD for a holocaust an unblemished yearling lamb.

12. "If a priest's daughter marries a layman, she will have no share in the holy things set aside,

13. Its cereal offering shall be two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, as a sweet-smelling oblation to the LORD; and its libation shall be a fourth of a hin of wine.

13. but if she is widowed or divorced and, being childless, has had to return to her father's house as when she was young, she may share her father's food. No lay person may share it;

14. Until this day, when you bring your God this offering, you shall not eat any bread or roasted grain or fresh kernels. This shall be a perpetual statute for you and your descendants wherever you dwell.

14. anyone who does eat a holy thing by inadvertence, will restore it to the priest with one-fifth added.

15. "Beginning with the day after the sabbath, the day on which you bring the wave-offering sheaf, you shall count seven full weeks,

15. "They may not profane the holy offerings which the Israelites have set aside for Yahweh.

16. and then on the day after the seventh week, the fiftieth day, you shall present the new cereal offering to the LORD.

16. By eating these, they would burden them with guilt requiring a sacrifice of reparation; for I, Yahweh, have sanctified these offerings." '

17. For the wave offering of your first fruits to the LORD, you shall bring with you from wherever you live two loaves of bread made of two tenths of an ephah of fine flour and baked with leaven.

17. Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

18. Besides the bread, you shall offer to the LORD a holocaust of seven unblemished yearling lambs, one young bull, and two rams, along with their cereal offering and libations, as a sweet-smelling oblation to the LORD.

18. 'Speak to Aaron, to his sons, and to all the Israelites and say: "Any member of the House of Israel or any alien resident in Israel who brings an offering either in payment of a vow or as a voluntary gift, and offers it as a burnt offering to Yahweh,

19. One male goat shall be sacrificed as a sin offering, and two yearling lambs as a peace offering.

19. must, if he is to be acceptable, offer an unblemished male, be it bull or sheep or goat.

20. The priest shall wave the bread of the first fruits and the two lambs as a wave offering before the LORD; these shall be sacred to the LORD and belong to the priest.

20. You will not offer anything with a blemish, for it would not make you acceptable.

21. On this same day you shall by proclamation have a sacred assembly, and no sort of work may be done. This shall be a perpetual statute for you and your descendants wherever you dwell.

21. "If anyone offers Yahweh a communion sacrifice, either to fulfil a vow or as a voluntary offering, the animal, be it from the herd or flock, must be perfect, if he is to be acceptable; it must be unblemished.

22. "When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not be so thorough that you reap the field to its very edge, nor shall you glean the stray ears of your grain. These things you shall leave for the poor and the alien. I, the LORD, am your God."

22. You will not offer Yahweh any animal which is blind, lame, mutilated, ulcerous, scabby or covered in sores. No part of such an animal will be offered on the altar as food burnt for Yahweh.

23. The LORD said to Moses,

23. As a voluntary offering, you may offer a bull or a lamb that is underdeveloped or deformed; but such will not be acceptable in payment of a vow.

24. "Tell the Israelites: On the first day of the seventh month you shall keep a sabbath rest, with a sacred assembly and with the trumpet blasts as a reminder;

24. You will not offer Yahweh an animal if its testicles have been bruised, crushed, torn or cut off. You may not do that in your country,

25. you shall then do no sort of work, and you shall offer an oblation to the LORD."

25. and you may not accept any such from the hands of a stranger, to be offered as food for your God. Their deformity is a blemish, and they would not make you acceptable." '

26. The LORD said to Moses,

26. Yahweh spoke to Moses and said:

27. "The tenth of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement, when you shall hold a sacred assembly and mortify yourselves and offer an oblation to the LORD.

27. 'A calf, lamb, or kid will stay with its dam for seven days after being born. From the eighth day onwards, it will be acceptable as food burnt for Yahweh.

28. On this day you shall not do any work, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD, your God.

28. But no animal, whether cow or ewe, will be slaughtered on the same day as its young.

29. Anyone who does not mortify himself on this day shall be cut off from his people,

29. 'If you offer Yahweh a sacrifice with praise, do it in the acceptable manner;

30. and if anyone does any work on this day, I will remove him from the midst of his people.

30. it must be eaten the same day; you will leave nothing over till next morning. I am Yahweh.

31. This is a perpetual statute for you and your descendants wherever you dwell: you shall do no work,

31. 'You will keep my commands and put them into practice. I am Yahweh.

32. but shall keep a sabbath of complete rest and mortify yourselves. Beginning on the evening of the ninth of the month, you shall keep this sabbath of yours from evening to evening."

32. You will not profane my holy name -- so that I may be honoured as holy among the Israelites, I, Yahweh, who make you holy,

33. The LORD said to Moses,

33. I who brought you out of Egypt, to be your God, I, Yahweh.'

34. "Tell the Israelites: The fifteenth day of this seventh month is the LORD'S feast of Booths, which shall continue for seven days.

34.

35. On the first day there shall be a sacred assembly, and you shall do no sort of work.

35.

36. For seven days you shall offer an oblation to the LORD, and on the eighth day you shall again hold a sacred assembly and offer an oblation to the LORD. On that solemn closing you shall do no sort of work.

36.

37. "These, therefore, are the festivals of the LORD on which you shall proclaim a sacred assembly, and offer as an oblation to the LORD holocausts and cereal offerings, sacrifices and libations, as prescribed for each day,

37.

38. in addition to those of the LORD'S sabbaths, your donations, your various votive offerings and the free-will offerings that you present to the LORD.

38.

39. "On the fifteenth day, then, of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the produce of the land, you shall celebrate a pilgrim feast of the LORD for a whole week. The first and the eighth day shall be days of complete rest.

39.

40. On the first day you shall gather foliage from majestic trees, branches of palms and boughs of myrtles and of valley poplars, and then for a week you shall make merry before the LORD, your God.

40.

41. By perpetual statute for you and your descendants you shall keep this pilgrim feast of the LORD for one whole week in the seventh month of the year.

41.

42. During this week every native Israelite among you shall dwell in booths,

42.

43. that your descendants may realize that, when I led the Israelites out of the land of Egypt, I made them dwell in booths. I, the LORD, am your God."

43.

44. Thus did Moses announce to the Israelites the festivals of the LORD.

44.



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Fußnoten:

22:1-3 - Gott gebietet den Priestern, rein zu bleiben, damit sie die heiligen Opfergaben nicht entweihen. Heiligkeit ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für den Dienst Gottes und die Darbringung von Opfergaben und unterstreicht den heiligen Charakter der Anbetung (siehe auch Jesaja 52,11 und 1. Petrus 1,15-16).

22:4-7 - Unreine Personen, sei es durch Krankheit oder durch Kontakt mit Toten, dürfen die heiligen Opfergaben nicht berühren, bis sie gereinigt sind. Dies unterstreicht die Bedeutung der Reinheit vor der Teilnahme an den heiligen Riten (siehe auch Numeri 19:11-13 und Epheser 5:26-27).

22:10-13 - Gott verbietet jedem außerhalb der Priesterfamilie, von den heiligen Gaben zu essen, außer in bestimmten Fällen, wie zum Beispiel einer Witwe oder Geschiedenen, die in das Haus ihres Vaters zurückgekehrt ist. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass nur diejenigen, die Gott geweiht sind, Zugang zu den heiligen Dingen haben (siehe auch 1. Korinther 9,13-14).

22:17-20 - Gott befiehlt, dass nur vollkommene, makellose Tiere als Opfer dargebracht werden dürfen. Diese Forderung spiegelt Gottes Vollkommenheit und das Bedürfnis wider, in der Anbetung das Beste darzubringen, und weist auf das vollkommene Opfer Christi hin (siehe auch 1. Petrus 1:19 und Maleachi 1:8).

22:31-33 - Gott betont, dass die Israeliten seine Gebote halten und seinen heiligen Namen nicht entweihen dürfen. Der Gehorsam gegenüber Gottes Gesetzen ist ein Weg, seine Heiligkeit zu ehren und seine Souveränität über Israel anzuerkennen (siehe auch Johannes 14:15 und Exodus 20:7).

Verse im Zusammenhang mit Leviticus, 22:

Levitikus Kapitel 22 legt Regeln für den Verzehr heiliger Opfergaben fest. Wie kann die Heiligkeit der Opfergaben an Gott bewahrt werden? Dieser ausführliche Text legt fest, wer unter welchen Bedingungen die Opfergaben des Priesters essen darf. Das Kapitel betont den Respekt, der den Dingen zukommt, die Gott geweiht sind. Diese Gesetze spiegeln die Bedeutung der Reinheit im Gottesdienst und in der Sorge um das wider, was Gott gehört. Denken Sie mit uns über fünf Bibelstellen nach, die den Grundsatz verdeutlichen, Gott mit dem Besten zu ehren, was wir heute in unserem Gottesdienst haben.

1. Korinther 11:27-29: "Deshalb wird jeder, der das Brot isst oder den Kelch des Herrn unwürdig trinkt, der Sünde gegen den Leib und das Blut des Herrn schuldig sein. Der Mensch prüfe sich selbst und esse dann das Brot und trinke den Kelch. Denn wer isst und trinkt, ohne den Leib des Herrn zu erkennen, isst und trinkt zu seiner eigenen Verdammnis." - Paulus wendet den Grundsatz aus Levitikus 22 über die Heiligkeit bei der Teilnahme an heiligen Opfergaben auf den Kontext des Abendmahls an.

Maleachi 1:7-8: "Du opferst unreine Speise auf meinem Altar! Und sie fragen immer noch: „Wie haben wir es entweiht?“ Wenn Sie sagen, dass der Tisch des Herrn verabscheuungswürdig ist. Ist es nicht falsch, wenn sie blinde Tiere zum Opfern bringen? Ist es nicht falsch, wenn man verkrüppelte und kranke Tiere anbietet? Versuchen Sie, sie Ihrem Gouverneur anzubieten! Wird er dich mögen? Wird er sie freundlich empfangen? fragt der Herr der Heerscharen." - Maleachi kritisiert Praktiken, die gegen die Grundsätze von Levitikus 22 bezüglich der Darbringung von Tieren ohne Makel verstoßen.

Hebräer 9:14: "Wie viel mehr wird das Blut Christi, der sich durch den ewigen Geist Gott unbefleckt hingegeben hat, unser Gewissen von Taten reinigen, die zum Tod führen, damit wir dem lebendigen Gott dienen können!" - Der Autor des Hebräerbriefs verwendet die Sprache von Levitikus 22 über Opfergaben ohne Makel, um das vollkommene Opfer Christi zu beschreiben.

Matthäus 15:11: "Was in den Mund gelangt, macht einen Menschen nicht „unrein“. aber was aus dem Mund kommt, das macht ihn „unrein“." - Jesus interpretiert die Reinheitsgesetze von Levitikus, einschließlich der von Levitikus 22, neu und konzentriert sich dabei eher auf die innere als auf die äußere Reinheit.

1. Petrus 1:18-19: "Denn Sie wissen, dass Sie nicht durch vergängliche Dinge wie Silber oder Gold von Ihrem leeren Lebensstil erlöst wurden, der Ihnen von Ihren Vorfahren überliefert wurde, sondern durch das kostbare Blut Christi, wie eines Lammes ohne Makel und Makel." - Petrus verwendet die Sprache von Levitikus 22 über Tiere ohne Makel, um Christus als das vollkommene Opfer zu beschreiben.

FAQ:

Welche Regeln galten für die Priester in Levitikus 22 für den Verzehr der Opfergaben?

Nur Priester und ihre Familien durften die heiligen Opfergaben essen, und jedem Unreinen war es verboten, sie zu berühren. (3. Mose 22:10-16)

Wie wird in Levitikus 22 das Thema der Unreinheit bei Opfern behandelt?

Unvollkommene Opfer oder Opfer unreiner Menschen waren vor Gott unannehmbar, was die Forderung nach Vollkommenheit in der Anbetung widerspiegelte. (3. Mose 22:17-25)

Welche Anforderungen gelten für Opfertiere in Levitikus 22?

Die Opfertiere mussten vollkommen sein, ohne körperliche Mängel, und die von Gott geforderte Heiligkeit und Vollkommenheit repräsentieren. (3. Mose 22:19-25)

Warum wurden Priester in Levitikus 22 dazu verpflichtet, Unreinheit zu vermeiden?

Die Priester mussten Unreinheit vermeiden, um die für ihren Dienst notwendige Heiligkeit zu bewahren und sicherzustellen, dass die Opfergaben von Gott angenommen würden. (3. Mose 22:2-3)

Was lehrt Levitikus 22 über freiwillige Gaben?

Freiwillige Gaben mussten vollkommen und ohne Makel sein, um von Gott angenommen zu werden. Dies verdeutlicht die Bedeutung der Ehrfurcht in der Anbetung. (3. Mose 22:18-21)


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