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Deuteronomy, 24

1. Does a man take a wife, and then, after making her his own, find some taint of defilement in her, so that he loves her no longer? He must draw up a writ of separation and hand it to her before he sends her away from his house.

2. Does she, after parting from him, marry a second husband,

3. who also wearies of her and sends her away with a writ, or perhaps is lost to her by death?

4. Her first husband may not take her back again, now that she is contaminated, a thing detestable in the Lord’s eyes.✻ Do not bring guilt on the land which the Lord gives thee for thy home.

5. A man newly married will not serve in the wars, or have any other public duty enjoined upon him; he is free to abide at home and cheer his wife for a year’s space.

6. Thou shalt not accept mill or mill-stone as a debtor’s pledge; that is to let a man pledge his whole livelihood.

7. If anyone is found leading his fellow-Israelite into a trap,✻ and selling him as a slave for profit, he must die; rid thyself of such a plague as that.

8. Be on thy guard against the visitation of leprosy. Do as the priests of Levi’s race instruct thee at my bidding, and be exact in the performance of it;

9. never forget how the Lord thy God punished Mary, on thy way here out of Egypt.

10. When thou wouldst enforce a claim for debt against thy neighbour, do not go into his house to wrest his pledge from him;

11. stand without, and let him bring thee what he can.

12. A poor man’s pledge must not spend the night with thee;

13. give it back to him before set of sun. When he calls down a blessing on thee, glad to have his own cloak to sleep in, it will win thee favour from the Lord thy God.

14. And if thou hast a hired servant that lives from hand to mouth, be he thy fellow-Israelite, or some alien that shares thy land and city, do not withhold his wages;

15. pay him his day’s wages before set of sun. It is all he has, in his poverty, to support life with; cries he to the Lord, thou art a sinner manifest.

16. A father must not die for his son’s guilt, or a son for his father’s; no guilt but his own shall bring a man to death.

17. Do not refuse alien or orphan his rights at law; do not make the widow give thee her cloak as a pledge;

18. remember that thou wast once a slave in Egypt, and the Lord thy God rescued thee; with good right I enjoin so much upon thee.

19. If thou art harvesting the corn in one of thy fields, and a sheaf lies there forgotten, do not go back for it; leave it for the alien, the orphan and the widow; so the Lord thy God will prosper all thy undertakings.

20. Do not go over thy olive-trees again, the fruit once picked, leave the rest to alien, orphan and widow;

21. leave to alien, orphan and widow the clusters that hang on thy vines when the vintage is over, still ungathered.

22. Do not forget that thou wast once a slave in Egypt; not without reason I enjoin this upon thee.


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Fußnoten:

24:1-4 - Laws regarding divorce and remarriage reflect the seriousness of the marriage commitment. The protection of women is a priority, demonstrating that God desires healthy and respectful relationships (see also Matthew 19:3-9 and Ephesians 5:25-33).

24:5 - The command for newly married men to take a year off from military service highlights the importance of time spent strengthening marital bonds. This instruction is an example of prioritizing family over other responsibilities (see also 1 Timothy 5:8 and Ephesians 5:28-29).

24:6 - The prohibition against taking a millstone or mortar as collateral reflects the protection of those in need. Social justice is an important theme, highlighting God's compassion for the vulnerable (see also Psalm 82:3-4 and James 1:27).

24:10-13 - The laws regarding lending and the return of collateral demonstrate the importance of business ethics and the protection of the poor. God expects His people to treat others with justice and kindness (see also Proverbs 19:17 and Luke 6:31).

24:17-22 - The memory of Egypt's past slavery highlights the importance of justice and compassion toward those in need. This narrative serves as a call to empathy and social responsibility (see also Leviticus 19:9-10 and Matthew 25:40).

Verse im Zusammenhang mit Deuteronomy, 24:

Deuteronomy chapter 24 presents social protection laws. How does God care for the vulnerable in society? This compassionate text addresses topics such as divorce, remarriage, pawnbroking, kidnapping, and lepers. The chapter emphasizes justice for workers, foreigners, orphans, and widows. Deuteronomy 24 reveals God's heart for the marginalized and establishes principles of social equity. Consider with us five biblical passages that elucidate the principles of social justice in this inspiring chapter.

Matthew 5:31-32: "It was said: 'Whoever divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.' But I tell you that whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, causes her to become an adulteress, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery." - Jesus directly references the divorce laws mentioned in Deuteronomy 24:1-4, offering a new interpretation.

Mark 10:2-9: "Some Pharisees approached him and tested him with this question: 'Is it permissible for a man to divorce his wife?'..." - Jesus discusses and reinterprets the divorce laws of Deuteronomy 24:1-4 in this passage.

James 5:4: "Pay attention to this: The wages of the workers who harvested your fields, and which you withheld by fraud, are crying out against you. The lament of the reapers reached the ears of the Lord of hosts." - This verse reflects the principles of justice for workers found in Deuteronomy 24:14-15.

Matthew 6:24: "No one can serve two masters; for he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and Money." - This teaching of Jesus reflects the principles of economic justice found in Deuteronomy 24:10-13.

Luke 6:34-35: "And if you lend to people from whom you expect repayment, what merit do you have? Even 'sinners' lend to 'sinners', hoping to receive full repayment. On the contrary, love your enemies, do good to them and lend to them, without expecting to receive anything in return..." - Jesus expands on the lending principles found in Deuteronomy 24:10-13.

FAQ:

What to do if a man gives his wife a divorce note?

If a man gives a bill of divorce, his wife must leave the house. If she marries another man and then returns to her first husband, it is considered an abomination. (Deuteronomy 24:1-4)

What is the law regarding the harvest of fields and vineyards?

The fields and vineyards must be left to the poor and foreigners so that they can glean what is left, ensuring sustenance for those in need. (Deuteronomy 24:19-22)

How should a contracted worker be treated?

The worker must receive his pay at the end of the day, and failure to pay is considered unfair. Wages must be given immediately so as not to oppress the worker. (Deuteronomy 24:14-15)

What should be done if a person is accused of a crime without evidence?

If someone is accused of a crime and there is insufficient evidence, justice must be sought with truthful witnesses. Falsehood is condemned. (Deuteronomy 24:16)

What is the rule for punishing crimes?

Punishment must be fair and not exceed the crime committed, as in corporal punishment. The punishment must fit the act to maintain justice. (Deuteronomy 24:17-18)


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